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Table 2 Sex differences in parent proxy-reports per age category

From: Sex differences in children's health status as measured by the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL)™: cross-sectional findings from a large school-based sample in the Netherlands

 

PedsQL scale

Mean ± SD

Effect size

Cohen’s d

p value

  

Boys (n = 52)

Girls (n = 72)

  

5–7 years

Physical Functioning

81.61 ± 13.0

83.55 ± 15.0

0.14

0.240 a

Emotional Functioning

71.35 ± 15.6

74.80 ± 14.4

0.22

0.209 b

Social Functioning

81.15 ± 15.5

83.19 ± 15.5

0.13

0.417 a

School Functioning

80.67 ± 16.1

85.00 ± 15.3

0.27

0.100 a

Psychosocial Health

77.72 ± 12.0

81.00 ± 12.4

0.27

0.136 a

Total Score

77.96 ± 12.2

80.63 ± 12.0

0.22

0.227 b

  

Boys (n = 121)

Girls (n = 179)

  

8–12 years

Physical Functioning

90.47 ± 11.0

88.30 ± 11.3

0.19

0.031 a

Emotional Functioning

72.85 ± 14.0

72.93 ± 16.2

0.01

0.937 a

Social Functioning

85.54 ± 13.4

84.97 ± 14.8

0.04

0.952 a

School Functioning

77.52 ± 15.2

84.08 ± 13.3

0.46

 < 0.001* a

Psychosocial Health

78.64 ± 10.8

80.66 ± 11.6

0.18

0.075 a

Total Score

82.75 ± 9.3

83.35 ± 10.4

0.06

0.393 a

  

Boys (n = 221)

Girls (n = 237)

  

13–17 years

Physical Functioning

87.13 ± 14.8

84.99 ± 14.3

0.15

0.014 * a

Emotional Functioning

77.96 ± 14.3

72.17 ± 15.0

0.40

 < 0.001* a

Social Functioning

87.44 ± 14.1

85.17 ± 15.2

0.15

0.067 a

School Functioning

77.76 ± 15.2

78.59 ± 15.9

0.05

0.409 a

Psychosocial Health

81.06 ± 11.6

78.64 ± 12.5

0.20

0.037 a

Total Score

83.17 ± 11.2

80.85 ± 11.5

0.20

0.036 a

  1. SD standard deviation. * Bonferroni-adjusted significance level of 0.017 due to stratification by age group. a Mann–Whitney U test. b Independent t-test