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Table 2 Study population characteristics, by Body Mass Index – normal vs overweight, Changzhou

From: The association between living environmental factors and adolescents’ body weight: a cross-sectional study

Variables

BMI

Univariate Analysis

Normal

Excessive bodyweight

Total

No. (%)

No. (%)

No. (%)

Crude OR [95%CI]

P

Age

  ≤ 13

139 (74)

49 (26)

188 (23.6)

 

 14

420 (74)

146 (26)

566 (71)

0.99 [0.68,1.44]

0.94

  ≥ 15

33 (77)

10 (23)

43 (5.4)

0.86 [0.39,1.87]

0.70

Sex

 Female

326 (80)

84 (20)

410 (51.4)

 

 Male

266 (69)

121 (31)

387 (48.6)

1.77 [1.28,2.44]

0.001

Dietary and Exercise factors

 Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity

    

   ≤ 30 min/d

185 (75)

62 (25)

247 (31)

 

   > 30 min/d

407 (74)

143 (26)

550 (69)

1.05 [0.74,1.48]

0.79

 Sweeten food

   

1.03 [0.89,1.2]

0.65

  Never

172 (75)

57 (25)

229 (28.7)

  

  1–2 times/month

165 (77)

49 (23)

214 (26.9)

  

  1–2 times/week

147 (68)

68 (32)

215 (27)

  

  2–3 times/week

68 (83)

14 (17)

82 (10.3)

  

  Every day

18 (69)

8 (31)

26 (3.3)

  

  Unknown

22 (71)

9 (29)

31 (3.9)

  

 BBQ and fried food

   

1.1 [0.92,1.32]

0.3

  Never

264 (78)

76 (22)

340 (42.7)

  

  1–2 times/month

205 (71)

85 (29)

290 (36.4)

  

  1–2 times/week

69 (73)

26 (27)

95 (11.9)

  

  2–3 times/week

27 (82)

6 (18)

33 (4.1)

  

  Every day

4 (57)

3 (43)

7 (0.9)

  

  Unknown

23 (72)

9 (28)

32 (4)

  

 Snacks

   

0.97 [0.85,1.11]

0.67

never

154 (73)

57 (27)

211 (26.5)

  

  1–2 times/month

144 (74)

51 (26)

195 (24.5)

  

  1–2 times/week

154 (77)

45 (23)

199 (25)

  

  2–3 times/week

77 (72)

30 (28)

107 (13.4)

  

  Every day

41 (76)

13 (24)

54 (6.8)

  

  Unknown

22 (71)

9 (29)

31 (3.9)

  

Family factors

 Economic status

   

0.89 [0.67,1.19]

0.44

  Lower

199 (73)

75 (27)

274 (34.4)

  

  Medium

260 (75)

85 (25)

345 (43.3)

  

  Higher

30 (79)

8 (21)

38 (4.8)

  

  Unknown

103 (74)

37 (26)

140 (17.6)

  

 Father’s BMI

  Normal

315 (78)

87 (22)

402 (50.4)

 

  Overweight

193 (67)

93 (33)

286 (35.9)

1.74 [1.24,2.46]

0.001

  Underweight

21 (88)

3 (13)

24 (3)

0.52 [0.15,1.77]

0.30

  Unknown

63 (74)

22 (26)

85 (10.7)

  

 Mother’s BMI

  Normal

418 (79)

110 (21)

528 (66.2)

 

  Overweight

60 (53)

54 (47)

114 (14.3)

3.42 [2.24,5.22]

< 0.0001

  Underweight

63 (79)

17 (21)

80 (10)

1.03 [0.58,1.82]

0.932

  Unknown

51 (68)

24 (32)

75 (9.4)

  

 Parents’ encouragement for exercise

  Less encourage

324 (75)

108 (25)

432 (54.2)

 

  More encourage

200 (72)

76 (28)

276 (34.6)

1.1 [0.79,1.55]

0.57

  Unknown

68 (76)

21 (24)

89 (11.2)

  

 Father fitness time

  Less

286 (74)

102 (26)

388 (48.7)

 

  More

265 (74)

91 (26)

356 (44.7)

0.97 [0.7,1.35]

0.86

  Unknown

41 (77)

12 (23)

53 (6.6)

  

Mother fitness time

  Less

306 (74)

110 (26)

416 (52.2)

 

  More

235 (76)

75 (24)

310 (38.9)

0.91 [0.65,1.26]

0.57

  Unknown

51 (72)

20 (28)

71 (8.9)

  

Father’s history of smoking

  No

240 (75)

82 (25)

322 (55.3)

 

  Yes

325 (74)

116 (26)

441 (40.4)

1.04 [0.75,1.45]

0.79

  Unknown

27 (79)

7 (21)

34 (4.3)

  

Mother’s history of smoking

  No

563 (74)

193 (26)

756 (0.8)

 

  Yes

6 (100)

0 (0)

6 (94.9)

N/A

 

  Unknown

23 (66)

12 (34)

35 (4.4)

  

 Students’ satisfaction towards living environment

  Less satisfied

37 (64)

21 (36)

58 (7.3)

 

  More satisfied

548 (75)

180 (25)

728 (91.3)

0.59 [0.34,1.03]

0.06

  Unknown

7 (64)

4 (36)

11 (1.4)

  

 Parents’ satisfaction towards living environment

  less satisfied

52 (74)

18 (26)

70 (8.8)

 

  More satisfied

477 (73)

173 (27)

650 (81.6)

1.04 [0.6,1.8]

0.88

  Unknown

63 (82)

14 (18)

77 (9.7)

  

Environmental factors

 Bus stops

   ≤ 20

189 (80)

48 (20)

237 (29.7)

 

   > 20

403 (72)

157 (28)

560 (70.3)

1.53 [1.06,2.21]

0.022

 Scenic spots

  0–3

43 (81)

10 (19)

53 (6.6)

 

   > 3

549 (74)

195 (26)

744 (93.4)

1.53 [0.75,3.1]

0.241

 Sport venues

  No

1 (100)

0 (0)

1 (0.1)

 

  Yes

591 (74)

205 (26)

796 (99.9)

N/A

 

 Casual spots

  No

4 (67)

2 (33)

6 (0.8)

 

  Yes

588 (74)

203 (26)

791 (99.2)

0.69 [0.13,3.8]

0.67

Food spots (median)

362 [22,1068]

372 [22,1031]

362 [22,1068]

1 [1,1]

0.88

Total

592 (74)

205 (26)

797

  
  1. OR Odds ratio, p p-value