Table 4 Evidence quality assessment of according to the GRADE guidelines
From: Effectiveness of feeding supplementation in preterm infants: an overview of systematic reviews
First author | Health outcomes | Study limitation | Indirectness | Publication bias | Imprecision | Inconsistency | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pammi et al. | Hospital stay ↓ | -1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1 | low |
urinary tract infection ↓ | -1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1 | low | |
Morbidity: LOS ↓ | -1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1 | low | |
Morbidity: Fungal sepsis ↓ | -1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | moderate | |
Howlett et al. | Mortality: Neonatal death ↓ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1 | moderate |
Chi et al. | Days achieve full enteral feeding↓ | 0 | 0 | -1 | 0 | -2 | Very low |
Hospital stay ↓ | 0 | 0 | -1 | 0 | -2 | Very low | |
Stool frequency ↑ | 0 | 0 | -1 | -1 | 0 | low | |
Morbidity: Sepsis ↓ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | high | |
mortality↓ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | high | |
Armannia et al. | Phototherapy rate ↓ | -1 | 0 | 0 | -1 | 0 | low |
Hospital stay ↓ | -1 | 0 | 0 | -1 | 0 | low | |
Stool frequency ↑ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | high | |
Morbidity: Hyperbilirubina-emia ↓ | -1 | 0 | 0 | -1 | 0 | low | |
Amissah et al. | Weight ↑ | -1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1 | low |
Length ↑ | -1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1 | low | |
HC↑ | -1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1 | low | |
Blood urea nitrogen ↑ | -1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1 | low | |
Hospital stay ↑ | -1 | 0 | 0 | -2 | 0 | Very low | |
Amissah et al. | Weight ↑ | -1 | -1 | 0 | -1 | 0 | Very low |
Hospital stay ↓ | -1 | -1 | 0 | -1 | 0 | Very low | |
Yang et al. | Length ↑ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | high |
HC ↑ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | high | |
Ig-A ↑ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | high | |
Ig-G ↑ | 0 | 0 | -1 | -1 | 0 | low | |
IL-12 ↑ | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1 | 0 | moderate | |
Shah et al. | Morbidity: NEC ↓ | 0 | 0 | -1 | 0 | 0 | moderate |
Aceti et al. | Morbidity: LOS ↓ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | high |
Moe-Byrne et al. | Days achieve full enteral feeding ↓ | 0 | 0 | -1 | 0 | 0 | moderate |
Moon et al. | Weight ↑ | 0 | 0 | -1 | 0 | -1 | low |
Length ↑ | 0 | 0 | -1 | 0 | -1 | low | |
AlFaleh et al. | Hospital stay ↓ | -1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -2 | Very low |
Days achieve full enteral feeding ↓ | -1 | 0 | -1 | 0 | -2 | Very low | |
NEC ↓ | -1 | 0 | -1 | 0 | 0 | low | |
Mortality↓ | -2 | 0 | 0 | -1 | 0 | Very low | |
Young et al. | Visual acuity↑ | 0 | 0 | -1 | -1 | 0 | low |
Bone mineral content (4/12 months) ↑ | 0 | 0 | -1 | -1 | 0 | low | |
Verner et al. | Intestinal fat absorption ↑ | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1 | -1 | low |