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Table 5 Numbers, Calculated Rates, Significance Levels and E-Values of Highest v. Lowest Cannabidiol Exposure Quintiles

From: Geotemporospatial and causal inference epidemiological analysis of US survey and overview of cannabis, cannabidiol and cannabinoid genotoxicity in relation to congenital anomalies 2001–2015

Congenital Anomaly

Numbers

Calculated Rates

Significance

E-Values

Highest Defect Count

Highest Not Defect Count

Lowest Defect Count

Lowest Not Defect Count

Prevalence Ratio (C.I.)

Atrributable Fraction in the Exposed (C.I.)

Population Attributable Risk (C.I.)

Chi Squared

P-Value

E-Value - Point

E-Value - Lower

Obstructive genitourinary defect

7247

2,484,854

145

95,592

1.9227 (1.631, 2.2665)

0.4792 (0.3862, 0.5581)

0.4698 (0.3771, 0.5486)

62.8480

2.22E-15

3.25

2.64

Pulmonary valve atresia

396

2,552,400

462

4,024,227

1.3514 (1.1817, 1.5455)

0.26 (0.1537, 0.3529)

0.12 (0.0638, 0.1729)

19.4818

1.02E-05

2.04

1.64

Small intestinal atresia/stenosis

566

1,402,095

1224

3,815,218

1.2583 (1.1389, 1.3901)

0.2052 (0.122, 0.2806)

0.0649 (0.035, 0.0939)

20.5107

5.93E-06

1.83

1.54

Cloacal exstrophy

238

834,373

661

3,007,409

1.2978 (1.1191, 1.5051)

0.2294 (0.1064, 0.3355)

0.0607 (0.0232, 0.0969)

11.9548

5.45E-04

1.92

1.48

Cleft lip with and without cleft palate

3437

3,791,717

33

55,337

1.52 (1.0787, 2.1418)

0.3419 (0.0729, 0.5329)

0.3387 (0.0713, 0.529)

5.8113

0.0159

2.41

1.37

Clubfoot

1057

721,190

5114

3,838,593

1.1001 (1.0296, 1.1755)

0.0909 (0.0287, 0.1491)

0.0156 (0.0043, 0.0267)

7.9686

0.0048

1.43

1.20

Biliary atresia

385

5,083,733

265

4,192,774

1.1982 (1.0247, 1.4011)

0.1654 (0.0241, 0.2863)

0.098 (0.0104, 0.1778)

5.1462

0.0233

1.69

1.18

Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)

7317

5,291,885

5706

4,357,620

1.0559 (1.02, 1.0932)

0.0529 (0.0196, 0.0851)

0.0297 (0.0107, 0.0484)

9.4889

0.0021

1.30

1.16

Double outlet right ventricle

282

1,402,379

745

4,282,993

1.156 (1.008, 1.3258)

0.135 (0.0079, 0.2457)

0.0371 (1e-04, 0.0726)

4.3080

0.0379

1.58

1.10

Diaphragmatic hernia

1433

5,035,560

1143

4,362,183

1.0861 (1.0048, 1.1739)

0.0792 (0.0048, 0.1481)

0.0441 (0.0018, 0.0845)

4.3354

0.0373

1.39

1.07

Trisomy 13

597

5,167,619

443

4,353,779

1.1354 (1.0041, 1.2839)

0.1192 (0.0041, 0.2211)

0.0684 (4e-04, 0.1319)

4.1053

0.0427

1.53

1.07

Single ventricle

136

1,397,584

315

3,963,023

1.2243 (1.0012, 1.497)

0.1832 (0.0012, 0.332)

0.0552 (−0.0038, 0.1108)

3.9021

0.0482

1.75

1.04

Spina bifida without anencephalus

1838

5,297,364

1509

4,361,817

1.0029 (0.9369, 1.0736)

0.0029 (−0.0673, 0.0685)

0.0016 (−0.0364, 0.0382)

0.0070

0.9332

1.06

1.00

Rectal and large intestinal atresia/stenosis

1883

4,468,696

1830

4,361,496

1.0043 (0.9417, 1.071)

0.0043 (−0.0619, 0.0663)

0.0022 (−0.0309, 0.0342)

0.0169

0.8966

1.07

1.00

Anotia/microtia

1049

5,138,925

856

4,221,402

1.0067 (0.9198, 1.1018)

0.0066 (−0.0872, 0.0924)

0.0036 (−0.0471, 0.052)

0.0208

0.8853

1.09

1.00

Transposition of great arteries

1324

4,204,444

1356

4,361,970

1.013 (0.9391, 1.0927)

0.0128 (−0.0648, 0.0848)

0.0063 (−0.0315, 0.0428)

0.1114

0.7385

1.13

1.00

Aortic valve stenosis

961

5,083,758

806

4,362,520

1.0232 (0.9317, 1.1236)

0.0226 (−0.0733, 0.11)

0.0123 (−0.0393, 0.0613)

0.2296

0.6318

1.18

1.00

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

1308

5,297,894

1048

4,362,278

1.0277 (0.9475, 1.1147)

0.0269 (−0.0554, 0.1029)

0.0149 (−0.0305, 0.0584)

0.4336

0.5102

1.20

1.00

Cleft lip alone

478

1,444,653

1378

4,282,360

1.0282 (0.9266, 1.141)

0.0275 (−0.0792, 0.1235)

0.0071 (−0.0199, 0.0333)

0.2753

0.5998

1.20

1.00

Trisomy 18

1219

5,196,590

983

4,362,343

1.041 (0.9571, 1.1323)

0.0394 (−0.0448, 0.1168)

0.0218 (−0.0248, 0.0663)

0.8786

0.3486

1.25

1.00

Atrioventricular septal defect

2286

5,034,707

1877

4,361,449

1.055 (0.9925, 1.1215)

0.0521 (−0.0075, 0.1083)

0.0286 (−0.0045, 0.0607)

2.9581

0.0854

1.30

1.00

Patent ductus arteriosus

7335

2,484,766

111

40,496

1.077 (0.8927, 1.2993)

0.0713 (−0.1199, 0.2298)

0.0702 (−0.1181, 0.2268)

0.5999

0.4386

1.36

1.00

Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection

389

3,073,253

459

4,095,548

1.1294 (0.9867, 1.2928)

0.1146 (−0.0135, 0.2264)

0.0526 (−0.008, 0.1095)

3.1216

0.0773

1.51

1.00

Deletion 22q11.2

53

718,890

216

3,557,414

1.2142 (0.8991, 1.6398)

0.1764 (−0.1122, 0.3901)

0.0348 (−0.0241, 0.0902)

1.6082

0.2047

1.72

1.00

Congenital hip dislocation

1807

2,126,749

27

40,580

1.277 (0.8732, 1.8676)

0.2168 (−0.1452, 0.4643)

0.2136 (−0.1434, 0.4591)

1.5973

0.2063

1.87

1.00

Hirschsprung disease (congenital megacolon)

591

2,581,794

17

95,720

1.2889 (0.7958, 2.0875)

0.2241 (−0.2565, 0.5209)

0.2178 (−0.2497, 0.5105)

1.0699

0.3010

1.90

1.00

Gastroschisis

2169

4,985,466

1842

4,215,660

0.9957 (0.9357, 1.0595)

−0.0043 (−0.0686, 0.0561)

−0.0023 (−0.0366, 0.0308)

0.0185

0.8919

1.07

NA

Cleft lip with cleft palate

1220

2,126,674

2452

4,225,916

0.9887 (0.9231, 1.059)

−0.0114 (−0.0833, 0.0557)

−0.0038 (−0.027, 0.0188)

0.1054

0.7455

1.12

NA

Coarctation of the aorta

2728

5,193,099

2332

4,360,994

0.9824 (0.9295, 1.0382)

−0.0179 (−0.0758, 0.0368)

−0.0097 (−0.0402, 0.02)

0.3976

0.5283

1.15

NA

Anencephalus

920

5,240,706

775

4,279,449

0.9694 (0.881, 1.0666)

−0.0316 (−0.135, 0.0624)

−0.0172 (−0.0713, 0.0343)

0.4074

0.5233

1.21

NA

Esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula

1127

5,138,847

988

4,362,338

0.9683 (0.889, 1.0547)

−0.0327 (−0.1248, 0.0518)

−0.0174 (−0.0648, 0.0278)

0.5454

0.4602

1.22

NA

Tetralogy of Fallot

2121

5,286,622

1815

4,361,511

0.9641 (0.9055, 1.0265)

−0.0372 (−0.1043, 0.0258)

−0.0201 (−0.0551, 0.0138)

1.3068

0.2530

1.23

NA

Encephalocele

411

4,911,620

370

4,241,015

0.9591 (0.8335, 1.1038)

−0.0426 (−0.1998, 0.094)

−0.0224 (−0.1008, 0.0504)

0.3388

0.5605

1.25

NA

Congenital posterior urethral valves

138

857,092

685

4,036,200

0.9487 (0.7901, 1.1391)

−0.0541 (−0.2655, 0.1221)

−0.0091 (−0.0405, 0.0214)

0.3184

0.5725

1.29

NA

Interrupted aortic arch

86

1,397,634

247

3,744,641

0.9329 (0.7299, 1.1923)

−0.072 (−0.3701, 0.1613)

−0.0186 (−0.0852, 0.044)

0.3082

0.5788

1.35

NA

Dextro-transposition of great arteries (d-TGA)

710

3,124,610

928

3,803,093

0.9312 (0.8445, 1.0268)

−0.0738 (−0.1841, 0.0261)

−0.032 (−0.0767, 0.0108)

2.0431

0.1529

1.36

NA

Congenital cataract

718

5,120,845

664

4,243,840

0.8961 (0.8064, 0.9959)

−0.1159 (−0.2401, −0.0041)

−0.0602 (−0.1199, −0.0036)

4.1522

0.0416

1.48

NA

Bladder exstrophy

105

5,028,475

92

3,896,531

0.8844 (0.6685, 1.17)

−0.1307 (−0.4959, 0.1453)

−0.0697 (−0.2418, 0.0786)

0.7411

0.3893

1.52

NA

Cleft palate alone

2399

4,579,165

2605

4,360,721

0.877 (0.8297, 0.927)

−0.1402 (−0.2052, −0.0787)

−0.0672 (−0.096, −0.0392)

21.5360

3.47E-06

1.54

NA

Pyloric stenosis

3934

2,242,962

192

95,545

0.8728 (0.755, 1.009)

−0.1454 (−0.3238, 0.0089)

−0.1387 (−0.3071, 0.0081)

3.3864

0.0657

1.55

NA

Pulmonary valve atresia and stenosis

3896

5,109,183

3880

4,359,446

0.8568 (0.8195, 0.8957)

−0.167 (−0.22, −0.1163)

−0.0837 (−0.1081, −0.0598)

46.5051

9.14E-12

1.61

NA

Limb deficiencies (reduction defects)

558

1,485,079

1830

4,142,972

0.8506 (0.7737, 0.9352)

−0.1755 (−0.2924, −0.0692)

−0.041 (−0.0643, −0.0182)

11.2100

8.14E-04

1.63

NA

Hydrocephalus without spina bifida

2149

3,618,806

68

95,669

0.8355 (0.6562, 1.0637)

−0.1968 (−0.5234, 0.0598)

−0.1907 (−0.5046, 0.0576)

2.1340

0.1441

1.68

NA

Amniotic Bands

270

2,585,899

12

95,725

0.8329 (0.4672, 1.485)

−0.2006 (−1.1404, 0.3266)

−0.1921 (−1.0736, 0.3147)

0.3851

0.5349

1.69

NA

Ebstein anomaly

334

5,107,133

323

4,105,245

0.8312 (0.7133, 0.9686)

−0.2031 (−0.4019, −0.0324)

−0.1032 (−0.1924, −0.0207)

5.6284

0.0177

1.70

NA

Choanal atresia

521

5,096,396

542

4,311,319

0.8132 (0.721, 0.9171)

−0.2297 (−0.3868, −0.0904)

−0.1126 (−0.1801, −0.0489)

11.4006

7.34E-04

1.76

NA

Omphalocele

759

4,673,203

785

3,901,285

0.8072 (0.7305, 0.8919)

−0.2388 (−0.3688, −0.1212)

−0.1174 (−0.1736, −0.0639)

17.7733

2.49E-05

1.78

NA

Common truncus (truncus arteriosus)

278

4,620,690

336

4,240,246

0.7593 (0.6477, 0.89)

−0.317 (−0.5439, −0.1235)

−0.1435 (−0.2289, −0.0642)

11.6117

6.55E-04

1.96

NA

Reduction deformity, Lower limbs

537

3,780,505

18

95,719

0.7554 (0.4722, 1.2082)

−0.3238 (−1.1173, 0.1723)

−0.3133 (−1.0687, 0.1662)

1.3798

0.2401

1.98

NA

Ventricular septal defect

14,557

3,929,002

21,430

4,341,896

0.7507 (0.735, 0.7667)

−0.3305 (−0.3588, −0.3029)

−0.1337 (−0.1434, −0.1241)

714.8336

2.2e-320

1.99

NA

Craniosynostosis

470

1,120,061

1679

2,992,172

0.7478 (0.6751, 0.8284)

−0.337 (−0.481, −0.2071)

−0.0737 (−0.098, −0.05)

31.2156

2.31E-08

2.01

NA

Hypospadias

24,587

5,157,522

27,515

4,196,875

0.7271 (0.7147, 0.7398)

−0.3728 (−0.3965, −0.3495)

−0.1759 (−0.1855, −0.1664)

1321.8209

1.02E-289

2.09

NA

Anophthalmia/microphthalmia

561

5,108,305

636

4,192,403

0.7239 (0.6462, 0.811)

−0.3813 (−0.5474, −0.2331)

−0.1787 (−0.2431, −0.1176)

31.3790

2.12E-08

2.11

NA

Turner syndrome

125

845,663

838

4,079,070

0.7195 (0.5962, 0.8683)

−0.3898 (−0.6771, −0.1517)

−0.0506 (−0.0765, −0.0253)

11.8932

5.63E-04

2.13

NA

Microcephalus

1436

2,490,665

81

95,656

0.6809 (0.5443, 0.8518)

−0.4683 (−0.8365, −0.1739)

−0.4433 (−0.7838, −0.1678)

11.4591

7.11E-04

2.30

NA

Holoprosencephaly

198

1,372,610

882

3,954,496

0.6468 (0.5544, 0.7545)

−0.5461 (−0.8037, −0.3252)

−0.1001 (−0.1316, −0.0695)

31.1923

2.34E-08

2.46

NA

Epispadias

230

2,250,082

41

257,008

0.6408 (0.4596, 0.8933)

−0.5606 (−1.1756, −0.1194)

−0.4758 (−0.9565, −0.1132)

7.0075

0.0081

2.50

NA

Renal agenesis/hypoplasia

1586

5,011,917

2240

4,361,086

0.6161 (0.5777, 0.657)

−0.6228 (−0.7306, −0.5217)

−0.2582 (−0.2922, −0.2251)

222.0395

1.63E-50

2.63

NA

Atrial septal defect

20,411

5,016,582

33,798

4,329,528

0.5212 (0.5122, 0.5304)

−0.9115 (−0.9449, −0.8787)

−0.3432 (−0.352, −0.3345)

5563.5773

2.2e-320

3.23

NA

Reduction deformity, Upper limbs

1001

3,765,890

50

95,687

0.5087 (0.3829, 0.6758)

−0.9653 (−1.6107, −0.4795)

−0.9194 (−1.5155, −0.4646)

22.5864

2.01E-06

3.34

NA

Tricuspid valve atresia and stenosis

510

5,059,825

973

4,362,353

0.4519 (0.406, 0.503)

−1.2126 (−1.4628, −0.9878)

−0.417 (−0.4702, −0.3658)

222.4058

1.36E-50

3.85

NA