Congenital Anomaly | Numbers | Calculated Rates | Significance | E-Values | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Highest Defect Count | Highest Not Defect Count | Lowest Defect Count | Lowest Not Defect Count | Prevalence Ratio (C.I.) | Atrributable Fraction in the Exposed (C.I.) | Population Attributable Risk (C.I.) | Chi Squared | P-Value | E-Value - Point | E-Value - Lower | |
Obstructive genitourinary defect | 7247 | 2,484,854 | 145 | 95,592 | 1.9227 (1.631, 2.2665) | 0.4792 (0.3862, 0.5581) | 0.4698 (0.3771, 0.5486) | 62.8480 | 2.22E-15 | 3.25 | 2.64 |
Pulmonary valve atresia | 396 | 2,552,400 | 462 | 4,024,227 | 1.3514 (1.1817, 1.5455) | 0.26 (0.1537, 0.3529) | 0.12 (0.0638, 0.1729) | 19.4818 | 1.02E-05 | 2.04 | 1.64 |
Small intestinal atresia/stenosis | 566 | 1,402,095 | 1224 | 3,815,218 | 1.2583 (1.1389, 1.3901) | 0.2052 (0.122, 0.2806) | 0.0649 (0.035, 0.0939) | 20.5107 | 5.93E-06 | 1.83 | 1.54 |
Cloacal exstrophy | 238 | 834,373 | 661 | 3,007,409 | 1.2978 (1.1191, 1.5051) | 0.2294 (0.1064, 0.3355) | 0.0607 (0.0232, 0.0969) | 11.9548 | 5.45E-04 | 1.92 | 1.48 |
Cleft lip with and without cleft palate | 3437 | 3,791,717 | 33 | 55,337 | 1.52 (1.0787, 2.1418) | 0.3419 (0.0729, 0.5329) | 0.3387 (0.0713, 0.529) | 5.8113 | 0.0159 | 2.41 | 1.37 |
Clubfoot | 1057 | 721,190 | 5114 | 3,838,593 | 1.1001 (1.0296, 1.1755) | 0.0909 (0.0287, 0.1491) | 0.0156 (0.0043, 0.0267) | 7.9686 | 0.0048 | 1.43 | 1.20 |
Biliary atresia | 385 | 5,083,733 | 265 | 4,192,774 | 1.1982 (1.0247, 1.4011) | 0.1654 (0.0241, 0.2863) | 0.098 (0.0104, 0.1778) | 5.1462 | 0.0233 | 1.69 | 1.18 |
Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) | 7317 | 5,291,885 | 5706 | 4,357,620 | 1.0559 (1.02, 1.0932) | 0.0529 (0.0196, 0.0851) | 0.0297 (0.0107, 0.0484) | 9.4889 | 0.0021 | 1.30 | 1.16 |
Double outlet right ventricle | 282 | 1,402,379 | 745 | 4,282,993 | 1.156 (1.008, 1.3258) | 0.135 (0.0079, 0.2457) | 0.0371 (1e-04, 0.0726) | 4.3080 | 0.0379 | 1.58 | 1.10 |
Diaphragmatic hernia | 1433 | 5,035,560 | 1143 | 4,362,183 | 1.0861 (1.0048, 1.1739) | 0.0792 (0.0048, 0.1481) | 0.0441 (0.0018, 0.0845) | 4.3354 | 0.0373 | 1.39 | 1.07 |
Trisomy 13 | 597 | 5,167,619 | 443 | 4,353,779 | 1.1354 (1.0041, 1.2839) | 0.1192 (0.0041, 0.2211) | 0.0684 (4e-04, 0.1319) | 4.1053 | 0.0427 | 1.53 | 1.07 |
Single ventricle | 136 | 1,397,584 | 315 | 3,963,023 | 1.2243 (1.0012, 1.497) | 0.1832 (0.0012, 0.332) | 0.0552 (−0.0038, 0.1108) | 3.9021 | 0.0482 | 1.75 | 1.04 |
Spina bifida without anencephalus | 1838 | 5,297,364 | 1509 | 4,361,817 | 1.0029 (0.9369, 1.0736) | 0.0029 (−0.0673, 0.0685) | 0.0016 (−0.0364, 0.0382) | 0.0070 | 0.9332 | 1.06 | 1.00 |
Rectal and large intestinal atresia/stenosis | 1883 | 4,468,696 | 1830 | 4,361,496 | 1.0043 (0.9417, 1.071) | 0.0043 (−0.0619, 0.0663) | 0.0022 (−0.0309, 0.0342) | 0.0169 | 0.8966 | 1.07 | 1.00 |
Anotia/microtia | 1049 | 5,138,925 | 856 | 4,221,402 | 1.0067 (0.9198, 1.1018) | 0.0066 (−0.0872, 0.0924) | 0.0036 (−0.0471, 0.052) | 0.0208 | 0.8853 | 1.09 | 1.00 |
Transposition of great arteries | 1324 | 4,204,444 | 1356 | 4,361,970 | 1.013 (0.9391, 1.0927) | 0.0128 (−0.0648, 0.0848) | 0.0063 (−0.0315, 0.0428) | 0.1114 | 0.7385 | 1.13 | 1.00 |
Aortic valve stenosis | 961 | 5,083,758 | 806 | 4,362,520 | 1.0232 (0.9317, 1.1236) | 0.0226 (−0.0733, 0.11) | 0.0123 (−0.0393, 0.0613) | 0.2296 | 0.6318 | 1.18 | 1.00 |
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome | 1308 | 5,297,894 | 1048 | 4,362,278 | 1.0277 (0.9475, 1.1147) | 0.0269 (−0.0554, 0.1029) | 0.0149 (−0.0305, 0.0584) | 0.4336 | 0.5102 | 1.20 | 1.00 |
Cleft lip alone | 478 | 1,444,653 | 1378 | 4,282,360 | 1.0282 (0.9266, 1.141) | 0.0275 (−0.0792, 0.1235) | 0.0071 (−0.0199, 0.0333) | 0.2753 | 0.5998 | 1.20 | 1.00 |
Trisomy 18 | 1219 | 5,196,590 | 983 | 4,362,343 | 1.041 (0.9571, 1.1323) | 0.0394 (−0.0448, 0.1168) | 0.0218 (−0.0248, 0.0663) | 0.8786 | 0.3486 | 1.25 | 1.00 |
Atrioventricular septal defect | 2286 | 5,034,707 | 1877 | 4,361,449 | 1.055 (0.9925, 1.1215) | 0.0521 (−0.0075, 0.1083) | 0.0286 (−0.0045, 0.0607) | 2.9581 | 0.0854 | 1.30 | 1.00 |
Patent ductus arteriosus | 7335 | 2,484,766 | 111 | 40,496 | 1.077 (0.8927, 1.2993) | 0.0713 (−0.1199, 0.2298) | 0.0702 (−0.1181, 0.2268) | 0.5999 | 0.4386 | 1.36 | 1.00 |
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection | 389 | 3,073,253 | 459 | 4,095,548 | 1.1294 (0.9867, 1.2928) | 0.1146 (−0.0135, 0.2264) | 0.0526 (−0.008, 0.1095) | 3.1216 | 0.0773 | 1.51 | 1.00 |
Deletion 22q11.2 | 53 | 718,890 | 216 | 3,557,414 | 1.2142 (0.8991, 1.6398) | 0.1764 (−0.1122, 0.3901) | 0.0348 (−0.0241, 0.0902) | 1.6082 | 0.2047 | 1.72 | 1.00 |
Congenital hip dislocation | 1807 | 2,126,749 | 27 | 40,580 | 1.277 (0.8732, 1.8676) | 0.2168 (−0.1452, 0.4643) | 0.2136 (−0.1434, 0.4591) | 1.5973 | 0.2063 | 1.87 | 1.00 |
Hirschsprung disease (congenital megacolon) | 591 | 2,581,794 | 17 | 95,720 | 1.2889 (0.7958, 2.0875) | 0.2241 (−0.2565, 0.5209) | 0.2178 (−0.2497, 0.5105) | 1.0699 | 0.3010 | 1.90 | 1.00 |
Gastroschisis | 2169 | 4,985,466 | 1842 | 4,215,660 | 0.9957 (0.9357, 1.0595) | −0.0043 (−0.0686, 0.0561) | −0.0023 (−0.0366, 0.0308) | 0.0185 | 0.8919 | 1.07 | NA |
Cleft lip with cleft palate | 1220 | 2,126,674 | 2452 | 4,225,916 | 0.9887 (0.9231, 1.059) | −0.0114 (−0.0833, 0.0557) | −0.0038 (−0.027, 0.0188) | 0.1054 | 0.7455 | 1.12 | NA |
Coarctation of the aorta | 2728 | 5,193,099 | 2332 | 4,360,994 | 0.9824 (0.9295, 1.0382) | −0.0179 (−0.0758, 0.0368) | −0.0097 (−0.0402, 0.02) | 0.3976 | 0.5283 | 1.15 | NA |
Anencephalus | 920 | 5,240,706 | 775 | 4,279,449 | 0.9694 (0.881, 1.0666) | −0.0316 (−0.135, 0.0624) | −0.0172 (−0.0713, 0.0343) | 0.4074 | 0.5233 | 1.21 | NA |
Esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula | 1127 | 5,138,847 | 988 | 4,362,338 | 0.9683 (0.889, 1.0547) | −0.0327 (−0.1248, 0.0518) | −0.0174 (−0.0648, 0.0278) | 0.5454 | 0.4602 | 1.22 | NA |
Tetralogy of Fallot | 2121 | 5,286,622 | 1815 | 4,361,511 | 0.9641 (0.9055, 1.0265) | −0.0372 (−0.1043, 0.0258) | −0.0201 (−0.0551, 0.0138) | 1.3068 | 0.2530 | 1.23 | NA |
Encephalocele | 411 | 4,911,620 | 370 | 4,241,015 | 0.9591 (0.8335, 1.1038) | −0.0426 (−0.1998, 0.094) | −0.0224 (−0.1008, 0.0504) | 0.3388 | 0.5605 | 1.25 | NA |
Congenital posterior urethral valves | 138 | 857,092 | 685 | 4,036,200 | 0.9487 (0.7901, 1.1391) | −0.0541 (−0.2655, 0.1221) | −0.0091 (−0.0405, 0.0214) | 0.3184 | 0.5725 | 1.29 | NA |
Interrupted aortic arch | 86 | 1,397,634 | 247 | 3,744,641 | 0.9329 (0.7299, 1.1923) | −0.072 (−0.3701, 0.1613) | −0.0186 (−0.0852, 0.044) | 0.3082 | 0.5788 | 1.35 | NA |
Dextro-transposition of great arteries (d-TGA) | 710 | 3,124,610 | 928 | 3,803,093 | 0.9312 (0.8445, 1.0268) | −0.0738 (−0.1841, 0.0261) | −0.032 (−0.0767, 0.0108) | 2.0431 | 0.1529 | 1.36 | NA |
Congenital cataract | 718 | 5,120,845 | 664 | 4,243,840 | 0.8961 (0.8064, 0.9959) | −0.1159 (−0.2401, −0.0041) | −0.0602 (−0.1199, −0.0036) | 4.1522 | 0.0416 | 1.48 | NA |
Bladder exstrophy | 105 | 5,028,475 | 92 | 3,896,531 | 0.8844 (0.6685, 1.17) | −0.1307 (−0.4959, 0.1453) | −0.0697 (−0.2418, 0.0786) | 0.7411 | 0.3893 | 1.52 | NA |
Cleft palate alone | 2399 | 4,579,165 | 2605 | 4,360,721 | 0.877 (0.8297, 0.927) | −0.1402 (−0.2052, −0.0787) | −0.0672 (−0.096, −0.0392) | 21.5360 | 3.47E-06 | 1.54 | NA |
Pyloric stenosis | 3934 | 2,242,962 | 192 | 95,545 | 0.8728 (0.755, 1.009) | −0.1454 (−0.3238, 0.0089) | −0.1387 (−0.3071, 0.0081) | 3.3864 | 0.0657 | 1.55 | NA |
Pulmonary valve atresia and stenosis | 3896 | 5,109,183 | 3880 | 4,359,446 | 0.8568 (0.8195, 0.8957) | −0.167 (−0.22, −0.1163) | −0.0837 (−0.1081, −0.0598) | 46.5051 | 9.14E-12 | 1.61 | NA |
Limb deficiencies (reduction defects) | 558 | 1,485,079 | 1830 | 4,142,972 | 0.8506 (0.7737, 0.9352) | −0.1755 (−0.2924, −0.0692) | −0.041 (−0.0643, −0.0182) | 11.2100 | 8.14E-04 | 1.63 | NA |
Hydrocephalus without spina bifida | 2149 | 3,618,806 | 68 | 95,669 | 0.8355 (0.6562, 1.0637) | −0.1968 (−0.5234, 0.0598) | −0.1907 (−0.5046, 0.0576) | 2.1340 | 0.1441 | 1.68 | NA |
Amniotic Bands | 270 | 2,585,899 | 12 | 95,725 | 0.8329 (0.4672, 1.485) | −0.2006 (−1.1404, 0.3266) | −0.1921 (−1.0736, 0.3147) | 0.3851 | 0.5349 | 1.69 | NA |
Ebstein anomaly | 334 | 5,107,133 | 323 | 4,105,245 | 0.8312 (0.7133, 0.9686) | −0.2031 (−0.4019, −0.0324) | −0.1032 (−0.1924, −0.0207) | 5.6284 | 0.0177 | 1.70 | NA |
Choanal atresia | 521 | 5,096,396 | 542 | 4,311,319 | 0.8132 (0.721, 0.9171) | −0.2297 (−0.3868, −0.0904) | −0.1126 (−0.1801, −0.0489) | 11.4006 | 7.34E-04 | 1.76 | NA |
Omphalocele | 759 | 4,673,203 | 785 | 3,901,285 | 0.8072 (0.7305, 0.8919) | −0.2388 (−0.3688, −0.1212) | −0.1174 (−0.1736, −0.0639) | 17.7733 | 2.49E-05 | 1.78 | NA |
Common truncus (truncus arteriosus) | 278 | 4,620,690 | 336 | 4,240,246 | 0.7593 (0.6477, 0.89) | −0.317 (−0.5439, −0.1235) | −0.1435 (−0.2289, −0.0642) | 11.6117 | 6.55E-04 | 1.96 | NA |
Reduction deformity, Lower limbs | 537 | 3,780,505 | 18 | 95,719 | 0.7554 (0.4722, 1.2082) | −0.3238 (−1.1173, 0.1723) | −0.3133 (−1.0687, 0.1662) | 1.3798 | 0.2401 | 1.98 | NA |
Ventricular septal defect | 14,557 | 3,929,002 | 21,430 | 4,341,896 | 0.7507 (0.735, 0.7667) | −0.3305 (−0.3588, −0.3029) | −0.1337 (−0.1434, −0.1241) | 714.8336 | 2.2e-320 | 1.99 | NA |
Craniosynostosis | 470 | 1,120,061 | 1679 | 2,992,172 | 0.7478 (0.6751, 0.8284) | −0.337 (−0.481, −0.2071) | −0.0737 (−0.098, −0.05) | 31.2156 | 2.31E-08 | 2.01 | NA |
Hypospadias | 24,587 | 5,157,522 | 27,515 | 4,196,875 | 0.7271 (0.7147, 0.7398) | −0.3728 (−0.3965, −0.3495) | −0.1759 (−0.1855, −0.1664) | 1321.8209 | 1.02E-289 | 2.09 | NA |
Anophthalmia/microphthalmia | 561 | 5,108,305 | 636 | 4,192,403 | 0.7239 (0.6462, 0.811) | −0.3813 (−0.5474, −0.2331) | −0.1787 (−0.2431, −0.1176) | 31.3790 | 2.12E-08 | 2.11 | NA |
Turner syndrome | 125 | 845,663 | 838 | 4,079,070 | 0.7195 (0.5962, 0.8683) | −0.3898 (−0.6771, −0.1517) | −0.0506 (−0.0765, −0.0253) | 11.8932 | 5.63E-04 | 2.13 | NA |
Microcephalus | 1436 | 2,490,665 | 81 | 95,656 | 0.6809 (0.5443, 0.8518) | −0.4683 (−0.8365, −0.1739) | −0.4433 (−0.7838, −0.1678) | 11.4591 | 7.11E-04 | 2.30 | NA |
Holoprosencephaly | 198 | 1,372,610 | 882 | 3,954,496 | 0.6468 (0.5544, 0.7545) | −0.5461 (−0.8037, −0.3252) | −0.1001 (−0.1316, −0.0695) | 31.1923 | 2.34E-08 | 2.46 | NA |
Epispadias | 230 | 2,250,082 | 41 | 257,008 | 0.6408 (0.4596, 0.8933) | −0.5606 (−1.1756, −0.1194) | −0.4758 (−0.9565, −0.1132) | 7.0075 | 0.0081 | 2.50 | NA |
Renal agenesis/hypoplasia | 1586 | 5,011,917 | 2240 | 4,361,086 | 0.6161 (0.5777, 0.657) | −0.6228 (−0.7306, −0.5217) | −0.2582 (−0.2922, −0.2251) | 222.0395 | 1.63E-50 | 2.63 | NA |
Atrial septal defect | 20,411 | 5,016,582 | 33,798 | 4,329,528 | 0.5212 (0.5122, 0.5304) | −0.9115 (−0.9449, −0.8787) | −0.3432 (−0.352, −0.3345) | 5563.5773 | 2.2e-320 | 3.23 | NA |
Reduction deformity, Upper limbs | 1001 | 3,765,890 | 50 | 95,687 | 0.5087 (0.3829, 0.6758) | −0.9653 (−1.6107, −0.4795) | −0.9194 (−1.5155, −0.4646) | 22.5864 | 2.01E-06 | 3.34 | NA |
Tricuspid valve atresia and stenosis | 510 | 5,059,825 | 973 | 4,362,353 | 0.4519 (0.406, 0.503) | −1.2126 (−1.4628, −0.9878) | −0.417 (−0.4702, −0.3658) | 222.4058 | 1.36E-50 | 3.85 | NA |