Table 4 Numbers, Calculated Rates, Significance Levels and E-Values of Highest v. Lowest Cannabis Exposure Quintiles
Congenital Anomaly | Numbers | Calculated Rates | Significance | E-Values | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Highest Defect Count | Highest Not Defect Count | Lowest Defect Count | Lowest Not Defect Count | Prevalence Ratio (C.I.) | Atrributable Fraction in the Exposed (C.I.) | Population Attributable Risk (C.I.) | Chi Squared | P-Value | E-Value - Point | E-Value - Lower | |
Cloacal exstrophy | 444 | 1,141,378 | 177 | 2,207,096 | 4.8507 (4.075, 5.774) | 0.7938 (0.7545, 0.8268) | 0.5675 (0.5102, 0.6182) | 386.73 | 2.13E-86 | 9.17 | 7.61 |
Congenital hip dislocation | 773 | 722,717 | 973 | 2,078,182 | 2.2845 (2.0785, 2.5108) | 0.562 (0.5186, 0.6014) | 0.2488 (0.2167, 0.2796) | 310.82 | 7.27E-70 | 3.99 | 3.57 |
Turner syndrome | 1577 | 956,504 | 3159 | 2,999,000 | 1.5652 (1.4734, 1.6628) | 0.3607 (0.3209, 0.3982) | 0.1201 (0.1022, 0.1376) | 214.37 | 7.69E-49 | 2.50 | 2.31 |
Coarctation of the aorta | 3630 | 3,825,817 | 3787 | 5,516,098 | 1.382 (1.3205, 1.4464) | 0.2762 (0.2425, 0.3084) | 0.1352 (0.1157, 0.1542) | 195.57 | 9.74E-45 | 2.11 | 1.97 |
Trisomy 18 | 7276 | 3,863,762 | 7853 | 5,454,321 | 1.3079 (1.2668, 1.3504) | 0.2351 (0.2103, 0.2591) | 0.1131 (0.0994, 0.1266) | 273.35 | 1.06E-61 | 1.94 | 1.85 |
Hirschsprung disease (congenital megacolon) | 230 | 943,071 | 372 | 2,220,573 | 1.4558 (1.2351, 1.716) | 0.313 (0.1903, 0.4172) | 0.1196 (0.0625, 0.1732) | 20.28 | 6.69E-06 | 2.27 | 1.77 |
Trisomy 13 | 3310 | 3,809,527 | 3677 | 5,440,392 | 1.2856 (1.2266, 1.3474) | 0.222 (0.1846, 0.2577) | 0.1052 (0.085, 0.1248) | 110.41 | 3.50E-06 | 1.89 | 1.75 |
Holoprosencephaly | 2307 | 2,735,097 | 2013 | 2,952,020 | 1.2369 (1.1651, 1.3132) | 0.1914 (0.1416, 0.2383) | 0.1022 (0.0731, 0.1304) | 48.76 | 2.90E-12 | 1.78 | 1.60 |
Diaphragmatic hernia | 1210 | 3,785,854 | 1417 | 5,518,468 | 1.2447 (1.1528, 1.344) | 0.1966 (0.1325, 0.2559) | 0.0905 (0.0578, 0.1221) | 31.39 | 2.11E-08 | 1.80 | 1.57 |
Congenital posterior urethral valves | 272 | 1,222,110 | 516 | 3,083,046 | 1.3298 (1.1482, 1.5402) | 0.248 (0.129, 0.3507) | 0.0856 (0.038, 0.1308) | 14.57 | 1.35E-04 | 1.99 | 1.56 |
Pulmonary valve atresia | 622 | 3,217,047 | 573 | 3,778,215 | 1.2749 (1.1381, 1.4281) | 0.2156 (0.1213, 0.2997) | 0.1122 (0.0582, 0.1631) | 17.67 | 2.62E-05 | 1.87 | 1.53 |
Small intestinal atresia/stenosis | 1125 | 2,778,116 | 957 | 2,890,697 | 1.2232 (1.1222, 1.3333) | 0.1824 (0.1088, 0.2499) | 0.0986 (0.0556, 0.1396) | 21.05 | 4.47E-06 | 1.75 | 1.49 |
Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) | 17,749 | 4,160,407 | 20,309 | 5,441,865 | 1.1431 (1.1203, 1.1664) | 0.1247 (0.107, 0.1422) | 0.0582 (0.0493, 0.067) | 169.07 | 4.02E-26 | 1.55 | 1.49 |
Deletion 22q11.2 | 129 | 1,175,941 | 236 | 2,919,417 | 1.357 (1.0949, 1.6819) | 0.2631 (0.0867, 0.4054) | 0.093 (0.0215, 0.1592) | 7.83 | 0.0051 | 2.05 | 1.42 |
Double outlet right ventricle | 854 | 2,779,998 | 684 | 2,647,487 | 1.189 (1.0752, 1.3148) | 0.1589 (0.07, 0.2394) | 0.0883 (0.0359, 0.1378) | 11.41 | 7.31E-04 | 1.66 | 1.36 |
Single ventricle | 435 | 2,750,022 | 377 | 2,891,287 | 1.2131 (1.0568, 1.3925) | 0.1757 (0.0538, 0.2818) | 0.0941 (0.0246, 0.1586) | 7.56 | 0.0060 | 1.72 | 1.30 |
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome | 1608 | 3,991,321 | 2023 | 5,517,862 | 1.0989 (1.0292, 1.1732) | 0.0899 (0.0284, 0.1476) | 0.0398 (0.0116, 0.0673) | 7.97 | 0.0048 | 1.43 | 1.20 |
Epispadias | 93 | 733,098 | 214 | 2,211,891 | 1.3112 (1.0279, 1.6726) | 0.2373 (0.0271, 0.4021) | 0.0719 (9e-04, 0.1379) | 4.79 | 0.0287 | 1.95 | 1.20 |
Biliary atresia | 303 | 3,696,288 | 367 | 5,330,359 | 1.1906 (1.0226, 1.3862) | 0.1601 (0.0221, 0.2786) | 0.0724 (0.0063, 0.1341) | 5.06 | 0.0244 | 1.67 | 1.17 |
Esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula | 924 | 3,774,953 | 1207 | 5,460,967 | 1.1074 (1.0165, 1.2065) | 0.097 (0.0162, 0.1711) | 0.0421 (0.0058, 0.077) | 5.45 | 0.0195 | 1.45 | 1.15 |
Clubfoot | 1709 | 1,072,816 | 4038 | 2,722,058 | 1.0739 (1.0148, 1.1364) | 0.0687 (0.0145, 0.1199) | 0.0204 (0.0038, 0.0367) | 6.09 | 0.0136 | 1.36 | 1.14 |
Spina bifida without anencephalus | 4268 | 4,086,425 | 5488 | 5,514,397 | 1.0495 (1.0083, 1.0923) | 0.0471 (0.0082, 0.0844) | 0.0206 (0.0033, 0.0376) | 5.59 | 0.0181 | 1.28 | 1.10 |
Atrioventricular septal defect | 2405 | 3,784,659 | 3324 | 5,516,561 | 1.0546 (1.0007, 1.1114) | 0.0518 (7e-04, 0.1002) | 0.0217 (−1e-04, 0.043) | 3.94 | 0.0470 | 1.29 | 1.03 |
Aniridia | 32 | 866,880 | 55 | 2,154,589 | 1.4461 (0.9353, 2.2359) | 0.3085 (−0.0692, 0.5527) | 0.1135 (−0.0407, 0.2448) | 2.78 | 0.0952 | 2.25 | 1.00 |
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection | 470 | 3,196,783 | 494 | 3,532,159 | 1.0512 (0.9265, 1.1928) | 0.0487 (−0.0793, 0.1616) | 0.0238 (−0.0382, 0.0821) | 0.60 | 0.4381 | 1.28 | 1.00 |
Hydrocephalus without spina bifida | 1057 | 954,941 | 2408 | 2,276,248 | 1.0463 (0.9733, 1.1248) | 0.0442 (−0.0274, 0.1109) | 0.0135 (−0.0085, 0.035) | 1.50 | 0.2200 | 1.27 | 1.00 |
Interrupted aortic arch | 184 | 2,761,460 | 180 | 2,801,964 | 1.0372 (0.8446, 1.2738) | 0.0359 (−0.184, 0.2149) | 0.0181 (−0.0893, 0.115) | 0.12 | 0.7274 | 1.23 | 1.00 |
Bladder exstrophy | 60 | 2,670,828 | 115 | 5,256,233 | 1.0268 (0.7515, 1.4029) | 0.0261 (−0.3307, 0.2872) | 0.0089 (−0.103, 0.1095) | 0.03 | 0.8681 | 1.19 | 1.00 |
Transposition of great arteries | 1049 | 2,418,662 | 2201 | 5,131,566 | 1.0112 (0.9395, 1.0884) | 0.0111 (−0.0644, 0.0812) | 0.0036 (−0.0204, 0.0269) | 0.09 | 0.7669 | 1.12 | 1.00 |
Anotia/microtia | 3396 | 3,783,668 | 4802 | 5,355,143 | 1.0009 (0.9579, 1.0459) | 9e-04 (−0.0439, 0.0439) | 4e-04 (−0.018, 0.0184) | 0.00 | 0.9670 | 1.03 | 1.00 |
Cleft lip alone | 1178 | 2,903,931 | 1366 | 3,261,461 | 0.9685 (0.8959, 1.0471) | −0.0325 (−0.1161, 0.0449) | −0.015 (−0.0523, 0.0209) | 0.65 | 0.4216 | 1.22 | NA |
Tetralogy of Fallot | 2063 | 3,991,594 | 2966 | 5,516,919 | 0.9613 (0.9088, 1.0169) | −0.0402 (−0.1003, 0.0166) | −0.0165 (−0.0402, 0.0067) | 1.89 | 0.1692 | 1.24 | NA |
Cleft palate alone | 2483 | 3,990,680 | 3402 | 5,227,758 | 0.9561 (0.9079, 1.0069) | −0.0459 (−0.1014, 0.0068) | −0.0194 (−0.0418, 0.0026) | 2.89 | 0.0892 | 1.26 | NA |
Cleft lip with cleft palate | 1907 | 3,032,425 | 2001 | 3,038,883 | 0.9551 (0.897, 1.0169) | −0.047 (−0.1148, 0.0166) | −0.0229 (−0.0547, 0.0079) | 2.06 | 0.1508 | 1.27 | NA |
Congenital cataract | 670 | 3,755,999 | 1016 | 5,381,175 | 0.9448 (0.857, 1.0416) | −0.0584 (−0.1669, 0.0399) | −0.0232 (−0.0637, 0.0157) | 1.30 | 0.2537 | 1.31 | NA |
Encephalocele | 932 | 3,791,070 | 1446 | 5,518,439 | 0.9382 (0.8641, 1.0187) | −0.0658 (−0.1573, 0.0184) | −0.0258 (−0.0594, 0.0068) | 2.31 | 0.1289 | 1.33 | NA |
Cleft lip with and without cleft palate | 969 | 1,026,247 | 2304 | 2,286,080 | 0.9369 (0.8691, 1.0099) | −0.0673 (−0.1504, 0.0098) | −0.0199 (−0.0428, 0.0025) | 2.90 | 0.0887 | 1.34 | NA |
Gastroschisis | 2165 | 4,016,001 | 3073 | 5,301,775 | 0.9301 (0.8803, 0.9827) | −0.0751 (−0.1359, −0.0176) | −0.0311 (−0.0548, −0.0079) | 6.67 | 0.0098 | 1.36 | NA |
Anencephalus | 4669 | 4,093,278 | 6782 | 5,513,103 | 0.9272 (0.8933, 0.9625) | −0.0784 (−0.1193, −0.0389) | −0.032 (−0.0477, −0.0164) | 15.77 | 7.15E-05 | 1.37 | NA |
Omphalocele | 1876 | 3,828,924 | 2621 | 4,919,500 | 0.9196 (0.8667, 0.9758) | −0.0874 (−0.1537, −0.0248) | −0.0364 (−0.0624, −0.0111) | 7.68 | 0.0056 | 1.40 | NA |
Rectal and large intestinal atresia/stenosis | 1581 | 3,785,483 | 2532 | 5,459,642 | 0.9006 (0.8457, 0.959) | −0.1104 (−0.1824, −0.0428) | −0.0424 (−0.0679, −0.0176) | 10.68 | 0.0011 | 1.46 | NA |
Aortic valve stenosis | 1391 | 3,730,418 | 2298 | 5,517,587 | 0.8953 (0.8376, 0.957) | −0.1169 (−0.1938, −0.045) | −0.0441 (−0.0706, −0.0182) | 10.61 | 0.0011 | 1.48 | NA |
Pyloric stenosis | 1264 | 709,529 | 4414 | 2,216,531 | 0.8946 (0.8403, 0.9524) | −0.1176 (−0.1897, −0.0499) | −0.0262 (−0.0406, −0.012) | 12.19 | 4.82E-04 | 1.48 | NA |
Ebstein anomaly | 360 | 3,742,751 | 592 | 5,439,310 | 0.8838 (0.7752, 1.0075) | −0.1315 (−0.2899, 0.0074) | −0.0497 (−0.103, 0.001) | 3.42 | 0.0643 | 1.52 | NA |
Pulmonary valve atresia and stenosis | 2810 | 2,731,571 | 6450 | 5,513,435 | 0.8793 (0.8412, 0.9192) | −0.1371 (−0.1885, −0.0878) | −0.0416 (−0.0557, −0.0277) | 32.37 | 1.27E-08 | 1.53 | NA |
Obstructive genitourinary defect | 2840 | 953,158 | 7681 | 2,213,264 | 0.8586 (0.8223, 0.8964) | −0.1642 (−0.2153, −0.1152) | −0.0443 (−0.0565, −0.0323) | 48.16 | 3.92E-12 | 1.60 | NA |
Amniotic Bands | 32 | 483,538 | 162 | 2,064,910 | 0.8435 (0.5773, 1.2325) | −0.1855 (−0.732, 0.1886) | −0.0306 (−0.0971, 0.0319) | 0.78 | 0.3785 | 1.65 | NA |
Reduction deformity, Lower limbs | 215 | 1,012,889 | 578 | 2,278,078 | 0.8366 (0.7153, 0.9784) | −0.1953 (−0.3978, −0.0221) | −0.0529 (−0.0986, −0.0092) | 5.00 | 0.0253 | 1.68 | NA |
Choanal atresia | 423 | 3,737,112 | 798 | 5,467,622 | 0.7755 (0.6893, 0.8726) | −0.2894 (−0.4507, −0.146) | −0.1003 (−0.1461, −0.0562) | 17.96 | 2.26E-05 | 1.90 | NA |
Limb deficiencies (reduction defects) | 1947 | 3,044,005 | 2616 | 3,159,025 | 0.7724 (0.7284, 0.8191) | −0.2944 (−0.3726, −0.2207) | −0.1256 (−0.1542, −0.0978) | 74.81 | 2.33E-06 | 1.91 | NA |
Dextro-transposition of great arteries (d-TGA) | 787 | 3,139,477 | 1263 | 3,768,524 | 0.748 (0.6843, 0.8176) | −0.3368 (−0.4613, −0.223) | −0.1293 (−0.1686, −0.0914) | 41.16 | 1.40E-10 | 2.01 | NA |
Ventricular septal defect | 10,038 | 2,237,688 | 33,128 | 5,486,757 | 0.743 (0.7265, 0.7598) | −0.3439 (−0.3742, −0.3143) | −0.08 (−0.0856, −0.0744) | 681.68 | 0.0033 | 2.02 | NA |
Hypospadias | 19,468 | 4,144,576 | 34,580 | 5,427,594 | 0.7373 (0.7244, 0.7504) | −0.3541 (−0.378, −0.3306) | −0.1275 (−0.1347, −0.1205) | 1159.93 | 1.38E-05 | 2.05 | NA |
Common truncus (truncus arteriosus) | 265 | 3,819,026 | 521 | 5,470,721 | 0.7286 (0.6285, 0.8447) | −0.3724 (−0.5911, −0.1838) | −0.1256 (−0.1831, −0.0708) | 17.75 | 2.51E-05 | 2.09 | NA |
Atrial septal defect | 17,822 | 3,769,242 | 36,035 | 5,426,139 | 0.712 (0.6993, 0.7249) | −0.4019 (−0.4272, −0.377) | −0.133 (−0.1397, −0.1263) | 1381.73 | 1.09E-08 | 2.15 | NA |
Microcephalus | 595 | 955,403 | 1996 | 2,276,660 | 0.7103 (0.6482, 0.7785) | −0.4074 (−0.5423, −0.2843) | −0.0936 (−0.1168, −0.0708) | 54.10 | 1.90E-13 | 2.16 | NA |
Reduction deformity, Upper limbs | 381 | 998,572 | 1239 | 2,277,417 | 0.7013 (0.6252, 0.7867) | −0.4256 (−0.5991, −0.271) | −0.1001 (−0.1302, −0.0708) | 37.05 | 1.15E-09 | 2.20 | NA |
Anophthalmia/microphthalmia | 1081 | 3,720,258 | 2643 | 5,328,083 | 0.5858 (0.5457, 0.6287) | −0.7068 (−0.8319, −0.5902) | −0.2052 (−0.2302, −0.1807) | 224.65 | 1.48E-12 | 2.81 | NA |
Patent ductus arteriosus | 3025 | 952,973 | 10,938 | 1,995,801 | 0.5792 (0.5563, 0.603) | −0.7226 (−0.7932, −0.6547) | −0.1565 (−0.1667, −0.1465) | 721.65 | 5.95E-39 | 2.84 | NA |
Craniosynostosis | 709 | 1,970,408 | 1706 | 2,570,932 | 0.5423 (0.4968, 0.5919) | −0.8436 (−1.0123, −0.689) | −0.2477 (−0.2802, −0.216) | 193.44 | 7.18E-05 | 3.09 | NA |
Renal agenesis/hypoplasia | 1705 | 3,788,008 | 4576 | 5,457,598 | 0.5368 (0.5078, 0.5675) | −0.8621 (−0.9686, −0.7614) | −0.234 (−0.2528, −0.2155) | 496.12 | 0.0028 | 3.13 | NA |
Tricuspid valve atresia and stenosis | 643 | 3,773,660 | 1767 | 5,518,118 | 0.5321 (0.4862, 0.5824) | −0.879 (−1.0565, −0.7169) | −0.2345 (−0.2646, −0.2052) | 193.92 | 3.93E-04 | 3.16 | NA |