Table 4 Demographics of the infants with heterogeneous developmental trajectories
From: Socioeconomic disparities and infancy growth trajectory: a population-based and longitudinal study
Characteristic | Rapid (n = 39) | Normal (n = 144) | Slow (n = 204) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) or mean ± SD | ||||
Maternal age, y | 28.9 ± 4.0 | 28.9 ± 3.8 | 28.1 ± 3.5 | 0.126 |
Prepregnancy BMI, kg/m2 | 20.2 ± 2.5 | 20.7 ± 2.6 | 20.3 ± 2.2 | 0.231 |
Paternal BMI, kg/m2 | 24.2 ± 2.6 | 24.4 ± 2.7 | 23.8 ± 3.0 | 0.249 |
Physical activity < 30 min/d | 19(48.7) | 65(45.1) | 81(39.7) | 0.433 |
Paternal achohol use | 27(69.2) | 80(55.6) | 107(52.5) | 0.154 |
Paternal smoking status | 21(53.8) | 71(49.3) | 84(41.2) | 0.176 |
Maternal Education ≤12 y | 15(38.5) | 44(30.6) | 55(27.0) | 0.330 |
Paternal education ≤12 y | 12(30.8) | 43(29.9) | 51(25.0) | 0.535 |
Family income < 5000 yuan/mo | 7(17.9) | 10(6.9) | 22(10.8) | 0.042 |
Gestational week (week) | 34.9 ± 3.9 | 38.0 ± 2.4 | 37.4 ± 2.8 | < 0.001 |
Female | 21(53.8) | 78(54.2) | 89(43.6) | 0.120 |
Cesarean section | 26(66.7) | 80(55.6) | 113(55.4) | 0.408 |
Breastfeeding duration< 6 mo | 31(79.5) | 124(86.1) | 168(82.4) | 0.507 |
Birth weight, kg | 2.22 ± 0.66 | 2.81 ± 0.70 | 2.61 ± 0.66 | < 0.001 |
BMI z score at birth | −2.02 ± 1.28 | −1.06 ± 1.34 | −1.47 ± 1.38 | < 0.001 |