Table 4 Bayesian Hierarchical Spatial Logistic regression analysis of determinants of using medical care for ARI symptoms

Intercept

-1.599 (0.523)

0∙202

-2.641 - -0.584

Child Age

4 years (ref)

3 years

0.000 (0.222)

1∙000

-0.436 - 0.438

2 years

0.182 (0.21)

1∙200

-0.229 - 0.598

1 year

0.582 (0.198)

1∙790

0.195 - 0.974

less than 1 year

0.34 (0.206)

1∙405

-0.061 - 0.747

Child Sex

Male (ref)

Female

-0.122 (0.114)

0∙885

-0.346 - 0.1

Place of residence

Urban (ref)

Rural

-0.324 (0.168)

0∙723

-0.654 - 0.005

Maternal Age

15-19 years (ref)

20-24 years

0.246 (0.318)

1∙279

-0.367 - 0.883

25-29 years

0.412 (0.321)

1∙510

-0.206 - 1.055

30-34 years

0.187 (0.332)

1∙206

-0.453 - 0.850

35-39 years

0.502 (0.342)

1∙652

-0.157 - 1.184

40-44 years

0.451 (0.37)

1∙570

-0.268 - 1.186

45-49 years

-0.352 (0.491)

0∙703

-1.330 - 0.599

Marital Status - Mother

Married (ref)

Common-law

-0.198 (0.175)

1∙501

-0.545 - 0.143

Widowed/divorced/separated

-0.390 (0.253)

0∙820

-0.896 - 0.099

Never-in-union

0.406 (0.321)

0∙677

-0.224 - 1.037

Religion - Mother

Christian (ref)

Islam

-0.241 (0.182)

0∙786

-0.602 - 0.114

Traditional

-0.844 (0.321)

0∙430

-1.495 - -0.233

Other

-0.401 (0.272)

0∙670

-0.949 - 0.122

No religion

0.033 (0.455)

1∙034

-0.873 - 0.916

Highest level of Education - Mother

No formal education (ref)

Primary

-0.090 (0.163)

0∙914

-0.412 - 0.230

Secondary or High School

0.044 (0.169)

1∙045

-0.287 - 0.376

Post-secondary

0.137 (0.430)

1∙147

-0.691 - 0.997

Employment status - Mother

Unemployed (ref)

Employed

0.396 (0.178)

1∙486

0.049 - 0.748

Health Insurance status

Uninsured (ref)

Insured

0.890 (0.189)

2∙435

0.519 - 1.265

Sex of Household head

Male (ref)

Female

-0.083 (0.147)

0∙920

-0.373 - 0.205

Household wealth

Poorest (ref)

Poorer

0.339 (0.174)

1∙404

-0.002 - 0.682

Middle

0.764 (0.191)

2∙147

0.391 - 1.141

Rich

0.790 (0.235)

2∙203

0.328 - 1.253

Richest

1.112 (0.295)

3∙040

0.535 - 1.694

DHS Period

1993 GDHS (ref)

1998 GDHS

-0.460 (0.263)

0∙631

-0.976 - 0.059

2003 GDHS

0.280 (0.260)

1∙323

-0.226 - 0.794

2008 GHDS

0.001 (0.288)

1∙001

-0.561 - 0.568

2014 GDHS

-0.187 (0.307)

0∙829

-0.788 - 0.417

Random Effect

Spatial Effect - structured (ICAR model)

6.330 (3.898)

1.707 - 16.407

Spatial Effect - unstructured (IID model)

1851.888 (1831.866)

129.695 - 6687.717

Model Diagnostics

WAIC

1905.08

DIC

1902.59

Effective Number of parameters (WAIC)

42.36

Marginal log-Likelihood

-1102.10

Variance explained by spatial structure

0.010

Mean = Posterior means, SD = Standard deviation, MOR = Mean Odds Ratio, and CI = Confidence Interval