Skip to main content

Table 3 Multinomial logistic regression analysis of determinants of treatment sought for ARI symptoms

From: Determinants of the type of health care sought for symptoms of Acute respiratory infection in children: analysis of Ghana demographic and health surveys

 

Medical Care

Design Effect

Self-Care or Traditional healer

Design Effect

 

RRR (95 % CI )

P-value

DEFF

DEFT

RRR (95 % CI )

P-value

DEFF

DEFT

Child Age

        

4 years (ref)

        

3 years

0.998 (0.621 -1.602)

0.992

1.166

1.079

0.709 (0.283 - 1.778)

0.463

1.094

1.046

2 years

1.498 (0.952 - 2.359)

0.081

1.209

1.099

0.720 (0.282 - 1.835)

0.490

1.160

1.077

1 year

1.928 (1.276 - 2.915)**

0.002

1.108

1.053

0.486 (0.179 - 1.319)

0.157

1.273

1.128

less than 1 year

1.520 (0.973 - 2.372)

0.066

1.171

1.082

0.527 (0.226 - 1.225)

0.137

1.047

1.023

Child Sex

        

Male (ref)

        

Female

0.967 (0.748 - 1.249)

0.800

1.261

1.123

0.726 (0.421 - 1.254)

0.251

1.091

1.045

Place of residence

        

Urban (ref)

        

Rural

0.840 (0.577 - 1.223)

0.362

1.366

1.169

1.346 (0.597 - 3.037)

0.474

1.223

1.106

Maternal Age

        

15-19 years (ref)

        

20-24 years

1.063 (0.565 - 2.001)

0.849

1.125

1.061

0.583 (0.110 - 3.078)

0.524

1.632

1.277

25-29 years

1.308 (0.677 - 2.525)

0.423

1.179

1.086

0.839 (0.153 - 4.577)

0.839

1.703

1.305

30-34 years

1.037 (0.513 - 2.092)

0.920

1.253

1.119

1.171 (0.217 - 6.309)

0.854

1.656

1.287

35-39 years

1.414 (0.706 - 2.833)

0.328

1.156

1.075

0.824 (0.129 - 5.255)

0.838

1.689

1.299

40-44 years

1.404 (0.659 - 2.991)

0.378

1.149

1.072

0.164 (0.211 - 2.046)

0.160

1.395

1.181

45-49 years

0.768 (0.299 - 1.977)

0.583

1.147

1.071

1.499 (0.205 - 10.932)

0.690

1.434

1.198

Marital Status - Mother

        

Married (ref)

        

Common-law

0.777 (0.522 - 1.156)

0.211

1.360

1.660

2.542 (0.437 - 14.803)

0.527

1.412

1.188

Widowed/divorced/separated

0.636 (0.377 - 1.073)

0.090

1.284

1.133

1.335 (0.546 - 3.267)

0.137

1.261

1.123

Never-in-union

1.459 (0.726 - 2.933)

0.288

1.219

1.104

1.955 (0.808 - 4.727)

0.299

1.346

1.160

Religion - Mother

        

Christian (ref)

        

Islam

0.970 (0.643 - 1.461)

0.885

1.284

1.133

0.740 (0.278 - 1.970)

0.546

1.047

1.024

Traditional

0.539 (0.220 - 1.319)

0.176

0.952

0.976

1.830 (0.602 - 5.562)

0.286

1.086

1.042

Other

0.613 (0.320 - 1.175)

0.147

1.272

1.128

0.905 (0.318 - 2.572)

0.851

1.073

1.036

No religion

1.701 (0.511 - 5.667)

0.387

1.550

1.245

1.517 (0.165 - 13.953)

0.712

0.997

0.998

Highest level of Education - Mother

        

No formal education (ref)

        

Primary

0.956 (0.658 - 1.387)

0.815

1.399

1.183

1.191 (0.604 - 2.347)

0.614

1.085

1.042

Secondary or High School

1.051 (0.722 - 1.530)

0.792

1.424

1.193

1.390 (0.592 3.263)

0.449

1.367

1.169

Higher education

1.784 (0.549 - 5.801)

0.334

1.547

1.244

0.000 (0.000 - 0.000)***

0.000

1.421

1.192

Employment status - Mother

        

Unemployed (ref)

        

Employed

1.815 (1.202 - 2.740)**

0.005

1.397

1.161

2.159 (0.719 - 6.482)

0.170

1.162

1.078

Health Insurance status

        

Uninsured (ref)

        

Insured

2.681 (1.801 - 3.989)***

0.000

1.196

1.094

0.490 (0.142 - 1.686)

0.257

1.589

1.261

Sex of Household head

        

Male (ref)

        

Female

0.874 (0.628 - 1.217)

0.424

1.347

1.161

0.961 (0.502 - 1.838)

0.903

1.121

1.059

Household wealth

        

Poorest (ref)

        

Poorer

1.225 (0.839 - 1.789)

0.293

1.172

1.082

0.794 (0.363 - 1.631)

0.529

1.295

1.138

Middle

2.186 (1.473 - 3.243)***

0.000

1.246

1.116

0.532 (0.226 - 1.251)

0.148

1.173

1.083

Richer

1.908 (1.145 - 3.180)*

0.013

1.378

1.174

1.024 (0.377 - 2.785)

0.962

1.326

1.152

Richest

2.456 (1.363 - 4.424)**

0.003

1.264

1.124

0.701 (0.180 - 2.731)

0.609

1.367

1.169

DHS Period

        

1993 GDHS (ref)

        

1998 GDHS

0.426 (0.240 - 0.758)**

0.004

1.397

1.182

0.330 (0.142 - 0.765)**

0.010

1.061

1.030

2003 GDHS

0.973 (0.543 - 1.745)

0.933

1.274

1.129

0.195 (0.071 - 0.535)**

0.002

1.066

1.033

2008 GHDS

0.748 (0.394 - 1.423)

0.379

1.312

1.146

0.216 (0.068 - 0.685)**

0.009

1.069

1.034

2014 GDHS

0.509 (0.257 - 1.011)

0.054

1.267

1.126

0.230 (0.081 - 0.657)**

0.006

0.975

0.987

CI = Confidence Interval, ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05