Intervention (n = 164) | Control (n = 117) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | p value | |
Maternal characteristics at baseline | |||||
Age, years | 30.5 | (3.9) | 30.7 | (4.2) | 0.755 |
Age > 40 years, n (%) | 3 | (1.8) | 2 | (1.7) | 1.000 |
Height, cm | 168.8 | (5.5) | 168.3 | (6.1) | 0.447 |
Weight, kg | 69.4 | (9.3) | 69.6 | (10.0) | 0.863 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 24.3 | (2.8) | 24.6 | (3.2) | 0.522 |
Pre-pregnancy BMI ≥25 kg/m2, n (%) | 29 | (17.7) | 20 | (17.1) | 0.898 |
SES | 4.0 | (0.8) | 4.1 | (0.8) | 0.502 |
Exercise sessions per week | 1.9 | (1.4) | 1.7 | (1.4) | 0.160 |
Diabetes in near familya, n (%) | 13 | (8.3) | 13 | (12.4) | 0.277 |
Parity, n (%) | |||||
0 | 96 | (58.5) | 63 | (53.8) | |
1 | 51 | (31.1) | 38 | (32.5) | 0.369 |
2 or more | 17 | (10.4) | 16 | (13.7) | |
Birth weight of previous child ≥4500 g, n (%) | 3 | (1.8) | 1 | (0.9) | 0.643 |
Child characteristics at birth | |||||
Gestational age, weeks | 39.9 | (1.7) | 40.1 | (1.3) | 0.292 |
Birth weight, g | 3477 | (608) | 3580 | (440) | 0.102 |
Lengthb, cm | 49.7 | (2.8) | 50.2 | (1.8) | 0.154 |
Head circumferencec, cm | 34.9 | (1.8) | 35.3 | (1.4) | 0.047 |
Male sex, n (%) | 96 | (58.5) | 52 | (44.4) | 0.020 |
Older siblings, n (%) | 68 | (41.5) | 54 | (46.2) | 0.434 |
Vaginal delivery, n (%) | 143 | (87.2) | 104 | (88.9) | 0.668 |
Prematurity, n (%) | 7 | (4.3) | 3 | (2.6) | 0.530 |
Admitted to NICUd, n (%) | 6 | (3.7) | 1 | (0.9) | 0.245 |
Age at follow-up, years | 7.4 | (0.3) | 7.4 | (0.3) | 0.294 |