Table 6 Results of bivariate and multivariable parametric Gompertz distribution country-level shared frailty survival regression model among under-five children in Sub-Saharan Africa countries, 2021

Age

15-19

21,390

1720

1

1

20-35

258,669

19,726

0.83 (0.77-0.88)*

0.97(0.78-1.200

36-49

62,957

5775

0.89 (0.83-0.96)*

1.21(0.97-1.50

Maternal educational status

No education

142,583

13,911

1

1

Primary

114,504

114,504

0.86 (0.83-0.90)*

0.97(0.92-1.03)

Secondary and above

85,929

4925

0.53 (0.51-0.56)*

0.77(0.71-0.83)

Husband educational status

No education

111,662

11,196

1

1

Primary

81,738

6078

0.85 (0.82-0.90)*

0.94 (0.89-1.01)

Secondary and above

98,947

6563

0.63 (0.60-0.66*

0.87 (0.81-1.03)

Wealth status

Poor

162,455

14,339

1

1

Middle

67,403

5452

0.82 (0.79-0.86)*

0.92 (0.87-0.97)*

Rich

113,158

7430

0.60 (0.58-0.62*

0.82 (0.77-0.87)*

Residence

Rural

103,755

6904

1.44 (1.39-1.50)*

1.06 (1.00-1.12)*

Urban

239,261

20,317

1

1

Toilet facility

No

116,714

10,480

1.18 (1.141.22)*

0.96 (0.91-1.01)

Yes

226,198

16,723

1

1

Water source

Improved

78,491

4700

1

1

Unimproved

264,471

22,514

1.40 (1.34-1.47)*

1.11 (1.04-1.19)*

Sub-Saharan region

East Africa

118,018

6890

0.88(0.55-1.42)

0.71(0.45-1.12)

West Africa

72,755

5869

1.61(1.01-2.58)*

1.05 (0.68-1.63)

Central Africa

141,121

13,776

1.44(0.86-2.41)

1.14(0.72-1.78)

Southern Africa

11,122

686

1

1

Sex

Male

172,412

14,870

1

1

Female

170,604

12,351

0.92 (0.89-0.95)*

0.93 (0.90-0.97)*

Plurality

Single

332,556

24,088

1

1

Multiple

10,460

3133

2.54 (2.40-2.70)*

2.70 (2.51-2.90)*

Preceding birth interval

≥ 24 months

218,390

14,063

1

1

18-23 months

33,235

3921

1.63 (1.60-1.71)*

1.55 (1.47-1.63)*

<  18 months

16,956

3135

2.24 (2.13-2.36)*

1.90 (1.78-2.02)*

Teenager pregnancy

< 20 years

287,482

21,889

1.16 (1.12-1.21)*

0.95 (0.87-1.03

≥20 years

55,534

5332

1

1

Birth order

≤three

193,511

14,081

1

1

≥ four

149,505

13,140

1.19 (1.16-1.23)*

3.01 (2.85-3.19)*

Birth size at birth

Low birth weight

206,247

15,411

1

1

Not low birth weight

120,712

7699

0.87 (0.84-0.90)*

0.93 (0.89-0.97)*

Place of delivery

Health facility

213,837

13,001

1

1

Home

128,855

11,414

1.47 (1.41-1.52)*

1.17 (1.12-1.23)*

−0.04 (−0.043 – −0.039)

0.07(0.04-0.12)

0.03