| Conservative n = 17 | Main group analysis | Subgroup analysis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Medical and/or surgical n = 107 | Surgical n = 24 | ||||
n (%)/mean ± SD | n (%)/mean ± SD | P value | n (%)/mean ± SD | P value | |
Perinatal Characteristics | |||||
Gender | |||||
 Male | 8 (47.1) | 61 (57.0) | 0.44 | 12 (50.0) | 0.85 |
Mode of Delivery | |||||
 LSCS | 8 (47.1) | 51 (47.7) | 0.96 | 8 (33.3) | 0.38 |
 GA (weeks) | 26.5 ± 1.2 | 26.2 ± 1.3 | 0.28 | 25.5 ± 1.0 | 0.004 |
 BW (g) | 914.4 ± 160.5 | 885.6 ± 195.3 | 0.57 | 781.8 ± 136.5 | 0.007 |
 Z-score BW | 0.05 ± 0.7 | −0.01 ± 0.8 | 0.77 | −0.1 ± 0.8 | 0.40 |
 Z-score birth length | 0.04 ± 1.0 | − 0.3 ± 1.1 | 0.19 | −0.4 ± 1.1 | 0.21 |
 Z-score birth head circumference | 0.4 ± 0.8 | 0.08 ± 1.0 | 0.24 | −0.1 ± 0.8 | 0.07 |
 APGAR (5 min) < 7 | 2 (13.3) | 12 (11.7) | 0.85 | 3 (12.5) | 0.97 |
 CRIB II > 12 | 1 (6.3) | 32 (29.9) | 0.046 | 11 (45.8) | 0.007 |
Perinatal Outcomes | |||||
 Severe RDS Grade 2–4 | 8 (47.1) | 77 (72.0) | 0.04 | 16 (66.7) | 0.21 |
 Surfactant Therapy > 2 doses | 2 (11.8) | 14 (13.1) | 0.88 | 5 (20.8) | 0.43 |
 Sepsis | 7 (41.2) | 31 (29.0) | 0.31 | 9 (37.5) | 0.35 |
 Severe IVH Grade 3–4 | 0 (0.0) | 9 (8.4) | 0.21 | 9 (37.5) | 0.06 |
 PVL | 0 (0.0) | 4 (3.7) | 0.42 | 0 (0.0) | 0.36 |
 NEC or NEC with complication/surgery | 0 (0.0) | 8 (7.5) | 0.24 | 2 (8.3) | 0.50 |
 Threshold ROP Stage 3–4 | 3 (17.6) | 21 (21.6) | 0.71 | 9 (37.5) | 0.08 |
 CLDa | 2 (11.8) | 51 (47.7) | 0.005 | 18 (75.0) | 0.000 |
Complications of treatment | |||||
 Pulmonary haemorrhage | 1 (6.3) | 19 (17.8) | 0.25 | 5 (20.8) | 0.21 |
 Oliguria (< 1 ml/kg/h) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (4.7) | 0.38 | 3 (12.5) | 0.14 |
 Acute kidney injury | 0 (0.0) | 4 (3.7) | 0.43 | 2 (8.3) | 0.24 |
 No. of courses of medical therapy | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 1.4 ± 0.5 | 0.45 | 2.0 ± 0.5 | 0.06 |
 Highest creatinine | 48.3 ± 11.8 | 81.1 ± 24.1 | 0.000 | 85.7 ± 32.6 | 0.004 |
 Intestinal perforation | 0 (0.0) | 5 (4.7) | 0.36 | 1 (4.2) | 0.39 |
 Vocal cord paralysis | 0 (0.0) | 6 (5.6) | 0.32 | 6 (25.0) | 0.026 |
 Aspiration pneumonia | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.9) | 0.69 | 1 (4.2) | 0.39 |
Discharge Parameters of Survivors | |||||
 Length of Stay of survivors (days) | 87.1 ± 29.3 | 100.0 ± 38.5 | 0.19 | 126.7 ± 39.2 | 0.001 |
 Discharge GA (weeks) | 38.9 ± 3.7 | 40.5 ± 4.9 | 0.20 | 43.6 ± 5.6 | 0.004 |
 Weight at Discharge z-score | −2.4 ± 1.0 | −2.8 ± 1.2 | 0.17 | −3.4 ± 1.0 | 0.003 |
 Length at Discharge z-score | −2.7 ± 1.1 | −3.8 ± 1.4 | 0.017 | −4.3 ± 1.1 | 0.001 |
 Head circumference at Discharge z-score | −1.4 ± 0.8 | −2.1 ± 1.0 | 0.039 | −2.4 ± 1.2 | 0.026 |