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Table 2 Perinatal characteristics and short-term morbidities of infants classified by treatment

From: Retrospective comparison of death or neurodevelopmental outcomes in extremely low birth weight preterm infants following different management options of haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus

 

Conservative

n = 17

Main group analysis

Subgroup analysis

Medical and/or surgical

n = 107

Surgical

n = 24

n (%)/mean ± SD

n (%)/mean ± SD

P value

n (%)/mean ± SD

P value

Perinatal Characteristics

Gender

 Male

8 (47.1)

61 (57.0)

0.44

12 (50.0)

0.85

Mode of Delivery

 LSCS

8 (47.1)

51 (47.7)

0.96

8 (33.3)

0.38

 GA (weeks)

26.5 ± 1.2

26.2 ± 1.3

0.28

25.5 ± 1.0

0.004

 BW (g)

914.4 ± 160.5

885.6 ± 195.3

0.57

781.8 ± 136.5

0.007

 Z-score BW

0.05 ± 0.7

−0.01 ± 0.8

0.77

−0.1 ± 0.8

0.40

 Z-score birth length

0.04 ± 1.0

− 0.3 ± 1.1

0.19

−0.4 ± 1.1

0.21

 Z-score birth head circumference

0.4 ± 0.8

0.08 ± 1.0

0.24

−0.1 ± 0.8

0.07

 APGAR (5 min) < 7

2 (13.3)

12 (11.7)

0.85

3 (12.5)

0.97

 CRIB II > 12

1 (6.3)

32 (29.9)

0.046

11 (45.8)

0.007

Perinatal Outcomes

 Severe RDS Grade 2–4

8 (47.1)

77 (72.0)

0.04

16 (66.7)

0.21

 Surfactant Therapy > 2 doses

2 (11.8)

14 (13.1)

0.88

5 (20.8)

0.43

 Sepsis

7 (41.2)

31 (29.0)

0.31

9 (37.5)

0.35

 Severe IVH Grade 3–4

0 (0.0)

9 (8.4)

0.21

9 (37.5)

0.06

 PVL

0 (0.0)

4 (3.7)

0.42

0 (0.0)

0.36

 NEC or NEC with complication/surgery

0 (0.0)

8 (7.5)

0.24

2 (8.3)

0.50

 Threshold ROP Stage 3–4

3 (17.6)

21 (21.6)

0.71

9 (37.5)

0.08

 CLDa

2 (11.8)

51 (47.7)

0.005

18 (75.0)

0.000

Complications of treatment

 Pulmonary haemorrhage

1 (6.3)

19 (17.8)

0.25

5 (20.8)

0.21

 Oliguria (< 1 ml/kg/h)

0 (0.0)

5 (4.7)

0.38

3 (12.5)

0.14

 Acute kidney injury

0 (0.0)

4 (3.7)

0.43

2 (8.3)

0.24

 No. of courses of medical therapy

0.0 ± 0.0

1.4 ± 0.5

0.45

2.0 ± 0.5

0.06

 Highest creatinine

48.3 ± 11.8

81.1 ± 24.1

0.000

85.7 ± 32.6

0.004

 Intestinal perforation

0 (0.0)

5 (4.7)

0.36

1 (4.2)

0.39

 Vocal cord paralysis

0 (0.0)

6 (5.6)

0.32

6 (25.0)

0.026

 Aspiration pneumonia

0 (0.0)

1 (0.9)

0.69

1 (4.2)

0.39

Discharge Parameters of Survivors

 Length of Stay of survivors (days)

87.1 ± 29.3

100.0 ± 38.5

0.19

126.7 ± 39.2

0.001

 Discharge GA (weeks)

38.9 ± 3.7

40.5 ± 4.9

0.20

43.6 ± 5.6

0.004

 Weight at Discharge z-score

−2.4 ± 1.0

−2.8 ± 1.2

0.17

−3.4 ± 1.0

0.003

 Length at Discharge z-score

−2.7 ± 1.1

−3.8 ± 1.4

0.017

−4.3 ± 1.1

0.001

 Head circumference at Discharge z-score

−1.4 ± 0.8

−2.1 ± 1.0

0.039

−2.4 ± 1.2

0.026

  1. aWe assumed the worst case scenario that infants who died prior to 36 weeks developed CLD