Table 3 i-variable and multi-variable mixed-effects logistic regression analysis for determinants of anemia among children aged 6 to 59 months in Ethiopia from January 18 to June 27 in 2016 (N = 7794)
Variables | Anemic status | COR (95%) | AOR (95%CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-anemic | Anemic | |||
Residency | ||||
urban | 608 | 719 | 1 | 1 |
rural | 2496 | 3971 | 1.47 (1.20–1.80) | 0.89 (0.68–1.17) |
Age of child in months | ||||
6–11 | 200 | 714 | 1 | 1 |
12–23 | 497 | 1268 | 0.71 (0.57–0.86) | 0.68 (0.55–0.85)* |
24–35 | 646 | 1056 | 0.40 (0.33–0.49) | 0.38 (0.31–0.47)* |
36–47 | 770 | 886 | 0.26 (0.21–0.32) | 0.25 (0.20–0.31)* |
48–59 | 991 | 766 | 0.17 (0.14–0.21) | 0.16 (0.13–1.20) |
Maternal educational level | ||||
No education | 1903 | 3181 | 1 | 1 |
primary | 840 | 1141 | 0.90 (0.79–1.02) | 0.95 (0.82–1.11) |
secondary | 233 | 253 | 0.75 (0.60–0.93) | 0.83 (0.63–1.10) |
higher | 128 | 115 | 0.60 (0.44–0.82) | 0.76 (0.51–1.12) |
Religion of mother | ||||
orthodox | 1243 | 1107 | 1 | 1 |
Protestant | 641 | 776 | 1.24 (1.02–1.49) | 1.213 (0.99–1.48) |
Muslim | 1145 | 2692 | 2.48 (2.11–2.91) | 2.07 (1.75–2.46)** |
others | 75 | 115 | 1.71 (1.17–2.49) | 1.49 (1.01–2.22)* |
Wealth index | ||||
poorest | 849 | 2005 | 1 | 1 |
poorer | 568 | 819 | 0.69 (0.59–0.81) | 0.74 (0.63–0.88)* |
middle | 543 | 613 | 0.56 (0.47–0.67) | 0.60 (0.50–0.72)* |
richer | 465 | 518 | 0.56 (0.47–0.68) | 0.65 (0.53–0.79)* |
richest | 679 | 735 | 0.46 (0.38–0.55) | 0.57 (0.44–0.74)* |
Husband’s educational level | ||||
No education | 1317 | 2305 | 1 | 1 |
primary | 1034 | 1420 | 0.89 (0.78–1.00) | 1.01 (0.88–1.16) |
secondary | 304 | 404 | 0.86 (0.71–1.05) | 1.02 (0.81–1.27) |
higher | 220 | 294 | 0.84 (0.67–1.06) | 1.26 (0.95–1.68) |
Mother’s current working status | ||||
Not working | 1317 | 3501 | 1 | 1 |
Working | 1022 | 1187 | 0.76 (0.68–0.86) | 0.87 (0.76–0.99)* |
Maternal anemic status | ||||
Non-anemic | 2291 | 2708 | 1 | 1 |
Anemic | 813 | 1982 | 1.60 (1.43–1.80) | 1.53 (1.35–1.73)* |
Size of a child at birth | ||||
Average | 1372 | 1943 | 1 | 1 |
Above average | 997 | 1375 | 0.95 (0.84–1.07) | 0.97 (0.85–1.10) |
Below average | 700 | 1338 | 1.21 (1.07–1.38) | 1.11 (0.96–1.27) |
Number of under-five children | ||||
1–2 children | 2622 | 3655 | 1 | 1 |
≥ 3 children | 482 | 1035 | 1.27 (1.10–1.46) | 1.19 (1.03–1.38)* |
Maternal age in years | ||||
15–24 | 620 | 1137 | 1 | 1 |
25–29 | 912 | 1443 | 0.87 (0.75–1.01) | 1.05 (0.89–1.23) |
30–34 | 714 | 1064 | 0.83 (0.71–0.96) | 1.06 (0.89–1.26) |
35–48 | 858 | 1064 | 0.71 (0.61–0.82) | 0.95 (0.80–1.13) |
Had diarrhea in the last two weeks | ||||
No | 2762 | 4079 | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 339 | 604 | 1.35 (1.15–1.58) | 0.90 (0.75–1.07) |
Had fever in the last two weeks | ||||
No | 2718 | 3924 | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 382 | 765 | 1.54 (1.33–1.79) | 1.36 (1.13–1.65)* |
Had to cough in the last two weeks | ||||
No | 2615 | 3853 | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 489 | 836 | 1.29 (1.12–1.48) | 1.02 (0.86–1.21) |
Taking of Vitamin A in the last 6 months | ||||
No | 1445 | 2482 | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 1606 | 2134 | 0.86 (0.77–0.95) | 0.92 (0.82–1.04) |
Taking iron pills, sprinkles or syrup | ||||
No | 2786 | 4288 | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 280 | 350 | 0.86 (0.71–1.03) | 0.99 (0.81–1.22) |
Drugs for intestinal parasites in the last 6 months | ||||
No | 2560 | 4072 | 1 | 1 |
yes | 483 | 557 | 0.81 (0.69–0.94) | 1.12 (0.95–1.33) |
Stunting status | ||||
No stunting | 2101 | 2839 | 1 | 1 |
Moderate stunting | 588 | 949 | 1.24 (1.09–1.41) | 1.31 (1.13–1.50)* |
Severe stunting | 347 | 751 | 1.61 (1.38–1.89) | 1.82 (1.54–2.16)* |
wasting status | ||||
No wasting | 2793 | 3980 | 1 | 1 |
Moderate wasting | 237 | 523 | 1.37 (1.14–1.64) | 1.09 (0.89–1.32) |
Severe wasting | 32 | 95 | 1.93 (1.24–3.00) | 1.44 (0.91–2.28) |
Random component | ||||
Community variance | – | 1.24 (0.089) | ||
Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) | 0.12(0.08,0.21) | |||