From: Cultural variation in factors associated with sudden infant death during sleep
Sleep-related factors | Observation | Contents | Asian cultures (n = 38) | Western cultures (n = 180) | χ2 (p) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sleep position | 96 (44.0) | Lateral, prone, supine position for routine or at the scene, or history of position change | 14 (36.8) | 82 (46.6) | 0.967 (.371) |
Bed-sharing | 48 (22.0) | Sharing bed, mattress, pad, sleep surface, etc. | 5 (13.2) | 43 (23.9) | 2.104 (.196) |
Rooming-in | 36 (16.5) | Sleeping in the same room or space | 4 (10.5) | 32 (17.8) | 1.197 (.342) |
Place of death | 30 (13.8) | Car seat, couch, ondol, sofa, swing | 3 (7.9) | 27 (15.0) | 1.335 (.309) |
Head covering | 27 (12.4) | Unfixed sheet over face, sleeping bag or heavy duvet to cover face, feet to foot for preventive effect, etc. | 4 (10.5) | 23 (12.8) | 0.147 (1.000) |
Overheating | 26 (11.9) | Temperature at the time of the incident; wearing a hat, the tog of a sheet or cloth, extra heating device, room temperature, extra sheet | 1 (2.6) | 25 (13.9) | 3.785 (.055) |
Soft objects near bedding | 26 (11.9) | Pillow, toy | 3 (7.9) | 23 (12.8) | 0.712 (.583) |
Soft or non-breathing surface | 23 (10.8) | Mattress, soft bedding, sheepskin, waterproof mattress or sheet | 3 (7.9) | 20 (11.1) | 0.344 (.773) |
Swaddling | 6 (2.8) | Wrapping to restrict arm movements using sheets, cloth or goods | 0 (0.0) | 6 (3.3) | 1.303 (.593) |
Bedding standards | 2 (0.9) | Accreditation or regulation on bed safety of cribs, mattresses, frames, etc. | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.1) | 0.426 (1.000) |
Total | 320 (147%) | Â | 37 (17.0) | 283 (129.8) | Â |