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Table 6 Comparison of Sleep-related Factors in Articles from Asian and Western Cultures (N = 218)

From: Cultural variation in factors associated with sudden infant death during sleep

Sleep-related factors

Observation

Contents

Asian cultures (n = 38)

Western cultures (n = 180)

χ2 (p)

Sleep position

96 (44.0)

Lateral, prone, supine position for routine or at the scene, or history of position change

14 (36.8)

82 (46.6)

0.967 (.371)

Bed-sharing

48 (22.0)

Sharing bed, mattress, pad, sleep surface, etc.

5 (13.2)

43 (23.9)

2.104 (.196)

Rooming-in

36 (16.5)

Sleeping in the same room or space

4 (10.5)

32 (17.8)

1.197 (.342)

Place of death

30 (13.8)

Car seat, couch, ondol, sofa, swing

3 (7.9)

27 (15.0)

1.335 (.309)

Head covering

27 (12.4)

Unfixed sheet over face, sleeping bag or heavy duvet to cover face, feet to foot for preventive effect, etc.

4 (10.5)

23 (12.8)

0.147 (1.000)

Overheating

26 (11.9)

Temperature at the time of the incident; wearing a hat, the tog of a sheet or cloth, extra heating device, room temperature, extra sheet

1 (2.6)

25 (13.9)

3.785 (.055)

Soft objects near bedding

26 (11.9)

Pillow, toy

3 (7.9)

23 (12.8)

0.712 (.583)

Soft or non-breathing surface

23 (10.8)

Mattress, soft bedding, sheepskin, waterproof mattress or sheet

3 (7.9)

20 (11.1)

0.344 (.773)

Swaddling

6 (2.8)

Wrapping to restrict arm movements using sheets, cloth or goods

0 (0.0)

6 (3.3)

1.303 (.593)

Bedding standards

2 (0.9)

Accreditation or regulation on bed safety of cribs, mattresses, frames, etc.

0 (0.0)

2 (1.1)

0.426 (1.000)

Total

320 (147%)

 

37 (17.0)

283 (129.8)

 
  1. * Fisher’s exact test