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Table.2 Answers to each Rome III item (n = 71,878 mother–toddler pairs)

From: Association of cesarean birth with prevalence of functional constipation in toddlers at 3 years of age: results from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS)

 

“Yes” answer

 

n

(%)a

1. Two or fewer defecations per week

3,315

(4.6)

2. At least 1 episode per week of incontinence after the acquisition of toileting skills

4,609

(6.4)

3. History of excessive stool retention

5,795

(8.1)

4. History of painful or hard bowel movements

14,704

(20.5)

5. Presence of a large fecal mass in the rectum

4,787

(6.7)

6. History of large-diameter stools that may obstruct the toilet

2,040

(2.8)

  1. aAll the denominators were 71,878