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Table 3 Longitudinal anthropometric characteristics and laboratory evaluations of the West syndrome cohort categorized according to treatment

From: Cardiometabolic outcomes in children and adolescents with West syndrome

 

ACTH treated

n = 78

non-ACTH treated

n = 39

P value

Infancy, 0–2 years

Age, years

1.1 ± 0.4

1.3 ± 0.3

0.106

Anthropometric characteristics

n = 46

n = 7

 

     Weight z-score

-0.36 ± 1.51

-2.01 ± 1.23

0.008

     Length z-score

-0.42 ± 1.17

-0.05 ± 0.48

0.495

     Weight-to-length z-score

0.70 ± 1.45

-1.97 ± 1.86

0.001

BP measurements

n = 40

n = 7

 

     Systolic BP percentile

86.5 (66.5–97.3)

98.0 (84.0–99.0)

0.283

    Diastolic BP percentile

95.0 (86.0-98.3)

91.0 (55.0–96.0)

0.403

Laboratory evaluation

n = 58

n = 11

 

     Glucose, mg/dL

86.5 (75.0–95.0)

91.5 (78.0-99.3)

0.154

     Triglycerides, mg/dL

178.1 ± 80.7

108.6 ± 40.3

0.037

     HDL-c, mg/dL

40.7 ± 9.8

44.3 ± 14.3

0.513

     Triglycerides to HDL-c ratio

4.7 ± 2.4

2.7 ± 1.0

0.086

Early childhood, 2–6 years*

74

39

 

Age, years

3.5 ± 1.1

4.2 ± 1.1

0.056

Anthropometric characteristics

n = 44

n = 10

 

     Weight z-score

-0.58 ± 1.64

-0.21 ± 0.49

0.486

     Height z-score

-0.08 ± 1.37

0.06 ± 1.22

0.807

     BMI z-score

-0.17 ± 1.25

-0.07 ± 0.68

0.841

BP measurements

n = 35

n = 10

 

     Systolic BP percentile

82.0 (67.5–97.5)

68.0 (29.8–87.3)

0.333

     Diastolic BP percentile

92.0 (66.0–99.0)

72.0 (52.0-91.5)

0.333

Laboratory evaluation

n = 37

n = 9

 

     Glucose, mg/dL

85.3 (80.3–94.5)

89.0 (83.0-108.5)

0.266

     Triglycerides, mg/dL

138.6 ± 61.0

78.4 ± 34.6

0.050

     HDL-c, mg/dL

42.0 ± 11.1

44.7 ± 16.5

0.735

     Triglycerides to HDL-c ratio

3.9 ± 2.7

2.6 ± 2.1

0.455

Childhood and adolescence, 6–18 years*

n = 53

n = 35

 

Age, years

11.1 ± 3.4

11.9 ± 3.9

0.410

Anthropometric characteristics

n = 45

n = 15

 

     Weight z-score

0.27 ± 1.43

-0.51 ± 1.37

0.070

     Height z-score

-0.10 ± 1.03

-1.03 ± 1.50

0.082

     BMI z-score

0.05 ± 0.98

-0.58 ± 1.60

0.227

BP measurements

n = 40

n = 15

 

     Systolic BP percentile

77.5 (56.8–91.5)

65.0 (34.0-98.5)

0.999

     Diastolic BP percentile

58.0 (37.5–79.0)

60.0 (42.0-69.5)

0.659

Laboratory evaluation

n = 50

n = 21

 

     Glucose, mg/dL

90.0 (80.9–98.0)

85.0 (80.0–97.0)

0.459

     Triglycerides, mg/dL

100.2 ± 52.9

89.2 ± 36.5

0.485

     HDL-c, mg/dL

54.6 ± 16.1

53.5 ± 14.3

0.872

     Triglycerides to HDL-c ratio

2.3 ± 2.9

1.9 ± 0.6

0.723

  1. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, median (interquartile range). P values are between the ACTH/non-ACTH treated groups. *Of note, 74 patients in the ACTH-treated group reached early childhood and 53 patients reached childhood/adolescence, while 35 patients in the non-ACTH treated group reached childhood/adolescence at the time of data collection. Bold indicates significant. Abbreviations: ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone; BMI body mass index; BP blood pressure; HDL-c high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; n number