Table 3 Obstetric and neonatal factors associated with Birth Asphyxia (n = 54,492)
From: A multicenter study of incidence, risk factors and outcomes of babies with birth asphyxia in Nepal
Variables | BA (n = 341) N (%) | others (n = 54,151) N (%) | cOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% C.I.) a |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Induction of labour | ||||
No induction (spontaneous) | 260 (76.2) | 37,852 (69.9) | Reference | Reference |
Induction with prostaglandins | 48 (14.1) | 9574 (17.7) | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) |
Induction with artificial rupture of membrane | 14 (4.1) | 1387 (2.6) | 1.5 (0.9–2.5) | 1.5 (0.9–2.6) |
Induction with oxytocin | 19 (5.6) | 5338 (9.9) | 0.5 (0.3–0.8) | 0.5 (0.3–0.9) |
Mode of Delivery | ||||
Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery | 201 (58.9) | 40,656 (75.1) | Reference | Reference |
Instrumental Delivery | 45 (13.2) | 1902 (3.5) | 4.8 (3.5–6.6) | 4.4 (3.1–6.1) |
Caesarian Section | 95 (27.9) | 11,593 (21.4) | 1.7 (1.3–2.1) | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) |
Complication during labour and delivery | ||||
Multiple Delivery | 2 (0.6) | 201 (0.4) | 1.6 (0.4–6.4) | 1.2 (0.3–4.8) |
Suspected maternal infection | 80 (23.5) | 9129 (16.9) | 1.5 (1.2–1.9) | 1.4 (0.9–1.9) |
Fetal distress in labour | 10 (2.9) | 771 (1.4) | 2.1 (1.1–3.9) | 1.9 (1.0–3.6) |
Prolonged labour | 7 (2.1) | 493 (0.9) | 2.3 (1.1–4.8) | 2.0 (0.9–4.3) |
Malpresentation /malposition | 18 (5.3) | 1440 (2.7) | 2.0 (1.3–3.3) | 1.8 (1.0–3.0) |
Prolapsed cord | 1 (0.3) | 17 (0.0) | 9.4 (1.2–70.6) | 3.4 (0.4–30.8) |
Meconium aspiration | 18 (5.3) | 91 (0.2) | 33.1 (19.7–55.5) | 23.7 (13.8–40.9) |
Birth weight (grams) | ||||
2500–4000 | 301 (88.3) | 50,398 (93.1) | Reference | Reference |
< 2500 | 27 (7.9) | 2452 (4.5) | 1.8 (1.2–2.7) | 2.0 (1.3–2.9) |
> 4000 | 13 (3.8) | 1301 (2.4) | 1.7 (1.0–2.9) | 1.3 (0.8–2.4) |
Gestational age (weeks) | ||||
37–41 weeks | 321 (94.1) | 52,712 (97.3) | Reference | Reference |
≥ 42 weeks | 20 (5.9) | 1439 (2.7) | 2.3 (1.5–3.6) | 2.0 (1.3–3.3) |
Sex of the baby | ||||
Female | 118 (34.6) | 24,735 (45.7) | Reference | Reference |
Male | 223 (65.4) | 29,416 (54.3) | 1.6 (1.3–2.0) | 1.6 (1.2–2.0) |