Cortisol concentration affects fat and muscle mass among Polish children aged 6–13 years

BMC Pediatrics

Table 6 A forward stepwise multiple regression model including independent variables explaining body composition: FM (%), MM (%), TBW (%), and BMI (standardised for calendar age and sex) among Polish children

Dependent variables	Independent variables	Beta	SE	t	p value	Adjusted R²	F	p value	Cohen’s f²
FM (%) z-score	Breastfeeding - yes (vs. no)	-0.117	0.077	-0.407	0.129	0.0395	2.76	0.030	0.0411
	Paternal education higher (vs. basic)	-0.133	0.079	-0.254	0.094
	Standard of living higher (vs. low)	0.709	0.330	2.150	0.033
	Standard of living medium (vs. low)	0.613	0.331	1.852	0.066
MM (%) z-score	Breastfeeding - yes (vs. no)	0.359	0.269	1.334	0.184	0.0607	2.70	< 0.033	0.0646
	Paternal education higher (vs. basic)	0.618	0.273	2.265	0.025
	Paternal education secondary (vs. basic)	0.464	0.281	1.654	0.100
	Maternal education secondary (vs. basic)	-0.239	0.192	-1.248	0.214
TBW (%) z-score	Breastfeeding - yes (vs. no)	0.479	0.264	1.814	0.071	0.0702	2.85	0.008	0.0755
	Paternal education higher (vs. basic)	0.537	0.273	1.966	0.051
	Paternal education secondary (vs. basic)	0.298	0.277	1.075	0.284
	Maternal education secondary (vs. basic)	0.172	0.070	2.46	0.0141
	Standard of living higher (vs. low)	-0.792	0.326	-2.433	0.016
	Standard of living medium (vs. low)	-0.592	0.329	-1.799	0.074
	Maternal trauma during pregnancy - yes (vs. no)	-0.314	0.237	-1.324	0.187
BMI z-score	Breastfeeding - yes (vs. no)	-0.326	0.261	-1.252	0.212	0.0595	3.16	0.009	0.0632
	Maternal education higher (vs. basic)	-0.715	0.372	-1.924	0.056
	Maternal education secondary (vs. basic)	-0.488	0.385	-1.265	0.208
	Standard of living higher (vs. low)	0.925	0.323	2.864	0.005
	Standard of living medium (vs. low)	0.675	0.327	2.063	0.041

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