Table. 2 Characteristics of included studies
Study, Year | Country | Study Setting | Study Design | Duration | Sample Size | Age Range | Sex (of ADHD cohort) | Identification Method | Outcomes Reported | Fracture Types Reported | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ADHD Group | Control Group | Male | ADHD | Fracture | ||||||||
Brehaut, 2003[9] | Canada | British Columbia (BC) Linked Health Dataset (BCLHD) and the BC Triplicate Prescription Program | Cohort (retro-spective) | 7 years | 16,806 | 1,010,067 | 0–19 years | 81.6 % | Methylphenidate prescription | ICD-9-CM | Fractures; Open wounds; Poisoning/toxic effect; Intracranial; Concussion; Burns | Overall |
Chou, 2014[43] | Taiwan | Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID) | Cohort (retro-spective) | 11 years | 3,640 | 14,560 | 0–18 years | 79.0 % | ICD-9-CM | Fractures | Skull, neck, ribs, and spine; Upper limb; Lower limb | |
Jacob, 2017[45] | Germany | Disease Analyzer database (IMS Health) | Nested case-control | 6 years | 27,880 | 6–17 years | 76.5 % | ICD-10 | ICD-10 | Fractures | Forearm; Wrist and hand; Shoulder and upper arm; Foot and toe (except ankle); Lower leg (including ankle); Skull and face; Other | |
Raman, 2013[46] | United Kingdom | The Health Improvement Network (THIN) | Self-controlled case series | 15.5 years | 4,234 | 1–18 years | Read clinical classification system identification AND methylphenidate or dexamphetamine prescription | Read clinical classification system identification | Fractures; Intracranial; Traumatic complications; Sprains and strains; Superficial injury; Contusion; Open wound; Poisoning; Crushing injury; Foreign body in orifice; Burns; Other | Upper limb; Lower limb; Skull | ||
van den Ban, 2013[44] | Nether-lands | PHARMO record linkage system (RLS) | Cohort (retro-spective) | 11 years | 1,289 | 7,332 | 0–18 years | 79.8 % | Methylphenidate and atomextine prescription | Injuries or poisoning; Fractures; Intracranial; Open wounds | Overall | |