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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study sample (n = 163)

From: Optimizing parenteral nutrition to achieve an adequate weight gain according to the current guidelines in preterm infants with birth weight less than 1500 g: a prospective observational study

Characteristic

Value

Sex, n (%)

 Female

75 (46.0)

 Male

88 (54.0)

Gestational age at birth, weeks

29.6 (28.3, 31.4)

Gestational age at parenteral nutrition discontinuation, weeks

34.3 (32.9, 36.0)

5-min Apgar score, n (%)

 ≥ 7

154 (94.5)

 < 7

9 (5.5)

Birth anthropometrics

 Birth weight, g

1150 (990, 1270)

 Length, cm

34 (28, 38)

 Head circumference, cm

28 (26, 36)

Small for gestational age, n (%)

39 (23.9)

Parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis, n (%)

14 (8.6)

Sepsis, n (%)

14 (8.6)

Surgical conditions

 Necrotizing enterocolitis, n (%)

12 (7.4)

 Duodenal atresia, n (%)

1 (0.6)

 Congenital megacolon, n (%)

2 (1.2)

 Patent ductus arteriosus, n (%)

3 (1.8)

 Gastric perforation, n (%)

1 (0.6)

 Others a, n (%)

3 (1.8)

Ventilator, days

6 (1, 19)

Maximum weight loss, %

8.0 (5.0,11.0)

Days to maximum weight loss, days

5 (4, 6)

Poor weight gain outcome after parenteral nutrition, n (%)

101 (62.0)

Extrauterine growth restriction, n (%)

136 (83.4)

  1. a others including incarcerated inguinal hernia, anorectal fistula and urachal fistula. Poor weight gain outcome was defined as body weight below the 10th percentile for postmenstrual age, as plotted on the 2013 Fenton growth curves in this study. EUGR is diagnosed when weight is <10th percentile at discharge. Continuous variables are presented as median (interquartile)