Table 3 The association of covariates with child composite index anthropometric failure (CIAF) and household wealth index (HHWI)

Age of child

0–5

455(10.4)

592(11.7)

464(10.6)

583(11.6)

6–11

407(9.3)

545(10.8)

436(9.9)

516(10.3)

12–23

840(19.2)

969(19.2)

888(20.2)

921(18.4)

24–35

924(21.1)

961(19.1)

862(19.6)

1022(20.4)

36–47

908(20.8)

940(18.7)

851(19.4)

997(19.9)

48–59

837(19.1)

1033(20.5)

891(20.3)

980(19.5)

Sex of child male female

2370(54.2)

2001(45.8)

2446(48.5) 2594(51.5)

2257(51.4)

2136(48.6)

2560(51.0) 2459(49.0)

Region Tigray

306(7.0)

337(6.7)

326(7.4)

318(6.3)

Afar

48(1.1)

41(0.8)

73(1.7)

17(0.3)

Amhara

993(22.7)

831(16.5)

824(18.8)

1001(19.9)

Oromia

1875(42.9)

2270(45.0)

1935(44.0)

2210(44.0)

Somalia

180(4.1)

211(4.2)

301(6.9)

91(1.8)

Benshangul

50(1.1)

49(1.0)

60(1.4)

40(0.8)

SNNPR

846(19.4)

1089(21.6)

842(19.2)

1093(21.8)

Gambela

8(0.2)

14(0.3)

11(0.3)

11(0.2)

Harari

8(0.2)

12(0.2)

7(0.2)

13(0.3)

Addis Ababa

38(0.9)

167(3.3)

0(0.0)

206(4.1)

Dire Dawa

18(0.4)

18(0.4)

15(0.3)

20(0.4)

Residence

Urban

Rural

340(7.8)

4032(92.2)

682(13.5)

4358(86.5)

77(1.8)

4316(98.2)

945(18.8)

4073(81.2)

Birth order

1st

2–3

4–5

742(17.0)

1281(29.3)

1086(24.8)

958(19.0)

1615(32.0)

1177(23.4)

668(15.2)

1319(30.0)

1116(25.4)

1032(20.6)

1576(31.4)

1147(22.9)

6 and more

1263(28.9)

1290(25.6)

1290(29.4)

1263(25.2)

No. of children(< 5 yrs)

1

1523(34.8)

1900(37.7)

1254(28.5)

2169(43.2)

2

2083(47.6)

2236(44.4)

2239(51.0)

2079(41.4)

3 or more

766(17.5)

904(17.9)

900(20.5)

770(15.3)

Source of drinking water unimproved source Improved source

2075(47.5)

2296(52.5)

2132(42.3)

2908(57.7)

2714(61.8)

1679(38.2)

1493(29.7)

3526(70.3)

Multiple birth Single birth

4234(98.4)

4958(96.9)

4303(98.0)

4889(97.4)

1st of multiple

71(1.6)

46(0.9)

48(1.1)

69(1.4)

2nd of multiple

66(1.5)

36(0.7)

42(1.0)

60(1.2)

Age of mother(at 1st birth)

< 20

2925(66.9)

3188(63.3)

2987(68.0)

3126(62.3)

20–34

1444(33.0)

1844(36.6)

1404(32.0)

1885(37.6)

35–49

3(0.1)

7(0.1)

3(0.1)

8(0.2)

Mothers BMI

Thin

935(21.6)

894(17.9)

962(22.2)

867(17.4)

Normal

3217(74.3)

3659(73.3)

3208(73.9)

3669(73.7)

Overweight

176(4.1)

439(8.8)

170(3.9)

445(8.9)

Anemia

Non Anemic

Anemic

1514(37.8) 2488(62.2)

1997(47.2)

2233(52.8)

1433(37.2) 2419(62.8)

2078(47.4)

2303(52.6)

Cough

No

Yes

3458(79.1)

913(20.9)

4053(80.4)

987(19.6)

3573(81.3)

820(18.7)

3938(78.5)

1080(21.5)

Diarrhea

No

Yes

3812(87.3)

555(12.7)

4462(88.8)

565(11.2)

3888(88.7)

493(11.3)

4386(87.5)

627(12.5)

Fever

No

Yes

3660(83.8)

710(16.2)

4361(86.6)

672(13.4)

3809(86.7)

582(13.3)

4211(84.0)

800(16.0)

Husband/partner education level

No education

2175(53.0)

2057(43.1)

2524(61.1)

1708(36.0)

Primary

1570(38.3)

2019(42.3)

1460(35.4)

2129(44.9)

Secondary and above

358(8.7)

692(14.5)

145(3.5)

905(19.1)

Mothers education level

No education

3094(70.8)

3099(61.5)

3428(78.0)

2766(55.1)

Primary

1113(25.5)

1465(29.1)

921(21.0)

1657(33.0)

Secondary and above

165(3.8)

476(9.4)

45(1.0)

596(11.9)

Household size 1–4 (small)

1075(24.6)

1337(26.5)

1055(24.0)

1356(27.0)

5–9 (medium)

3034(69.4)

3416(67.8)

3105(70.7)

3344(66.6)

10 and more (large)

263(6.0)

287(5.7)

233(5.3)

318(6.3)

Religion Orthodox

1521(34.8)

1732(34.4)

1334(30.4)

1919(38.2)

Protestant

897(20.5)

1135(22.5)

788(17.9)

1245(24.8)

Muslim

1799(41.1)

2043(40.5)

2090(47.6)

1752(34.9)

Others

155(3.5)

130(2.6)

182(4.1)

103(2.1)