Table 6 Binary and multivariable logistic regression analysis of determinant factors of low Apgar score among newborns who delivered at Hawassa public hospitals from March - August 2018

Sex

Female

47(35.1)

120(44.9)

1

1

Male

87(64.9)

147(55.1)

1.5 (0.99-2.32)

1.4 (0.86-2.46)

Gestational age at birth

Term

111(82.8)

242(90.6)

1

1

Post-term

23(17.2)

25(9.4)

2.0 (1.09-3.69)

0.7 (0.31-1.74)

Fetal presentation

Cephalic

110(82.1)

245(91.8)

1

1

Breech

15(11.2)

16(6.0)

2.1 (0.99-4.37)

1.5 (0.55-4.01)

Others^a

9(6.7)

6(2.2)

3.3 (1.16-9.67)

2.1 (0.57-7.95)

Gestational weight at birth

Low birth weight

34(25.4)

15(5.6)

5.9 (3.10-11.46)

6.2 (2.78-14)**

Macrosomia

8(6)

10(3.7)

2.1 (0.81-5.50)

2.6 (0.82-8.08)

Normal

92(68.7)

242(90.6)

1

1

Residence

Urban

69(51.7)

188(70.4)

1

1

Rural

65(48.5)

79(29.6)

2.2 (1.46-3.44)

4(2.21-7.34)**

Educational status

No formal education

38(28.4)

34(12.7)

3.9 (1.84-8.31)

1.8 (0.64-5.01)

Primary

47(35.1)

98(36.7)

1.7 (0.84-3.34)

0.9 (0.41-2.17)

Secondary

35(26.1)

86(32.2)

1.4 (0.70-2.90)

1.1 (0.49-2.47)

College and above

14(10.4)

49(18.4)

1

1

Physical and Emotional support

Yes

89(66.4)

234(87.6)

1

1

No

45(33.6)

33(12.4)

3.6 (2.15-5.98)

3.5(1.82-6.76)**

Gravidity

Primigravida

62(46.3)

94(35.2)

1

Multigravida

54(40.3)

155(58.1)

0.5 (0.34-0.82)

0.9(0.52-1.56)

Grand multipara

18(13.4)

18(6.7)

1.5 (0.73-3.14)

0.8(0.33-2.18)

ANC contacts

Yes

123(91.8)

257(96.3)

1

1

No

11(8.2)

10(3.7)

2.3 (0.95-5.56)

3.5(1.91-6.33)**

APH

Yes

16(11.9)

10(3.7)

3.5 (1.54-7.91)

2.4 (0.84-6.68)

No

118(88.1)

257(96.3)

1

1

PIH

Yes

24(17.9)

26(9.7)

2.0 (1.11-3.68)

1.4 (0.64-2.93)

No

110(82.1)

241(90.3)

1

1

MSAF

Yes

45(33.6)

41(15.4)

2.8 (1.71-4.54)

1.2 (0.64-2.22)

No

89(66.4)

226(84.6)

1

Prolonged second stage of labor

Yes

49(36.6)

46(17.2)

2.8 (1.72-4.45)

1.3 (0.41-3.91)

No

85(63.4)

221(82.8)

1

1

Mode of delivery

SVD

66(49.3)

167(62.5)

1

1

Instrumental

37(27.6)

54(20.2)

1.7 (1.04-2.88)

1.5 (0.81-2.92)

Cesarean Section

31(23.1)

46 (17.2)

1.7 (0.99-2.92)

0.9 (0.45-1.86)

Anemia

Yes

18(13.4)

24(9.0)

1.571(0.82-3.01)

2.3(1.10-4.71)*

No

116 (86.6)

243(91.0)

1

1