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Table 3 Regression Analysis of Mortality from Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

From: State-level trends in sudden unexpected infant death and immunization in the United States: an ecological study

Dependent variable: deaths from sudden infant death syndromea

 

RR (95% CI)b

RR (95% CI)b

RR (95% CI)b

Unadjusted

Model 1 -Adjusted for sleep position and poverty

Model 2 -Adjusted for sleep position, poverty and race

  

1996–2015

2000–2015

3+ DTPc

0.80 (0.66, 0.96)

0.89 (0.74, 1.08)

0.66 (0.54, 0.81)

4+ DTPd

0.78 (0.71, 0.84)

0.85 (0.77, 0.94)

0.74 (0.67, 0.82)

3+ Polioe

0.94 (0.81, 1.09)

1.01 (0.87, 1.19)

0.76 (0.65, 0.91)

3+ Hibf

0.85 (0.75, 0.96)

0.88 (0.79, 1.00)

0.83 (0.74, 0.92)

Supine sleep position

0.90 (0.87, 0.92)

0.89 (0.87, 0.93)

0.97 (0.90, 1.05)

Poverty rate

1.33 (1.19, 1.49)

1.04 (0.90, 1.20)

1.09 (0.92, 1.29)

White American

0.95 (0.90, 0.99)

Black American

1.24 (1.04, 1.49)

Asian American

0.37 (0.29, 0.48)

Race (PC1)g

0.97 (0.93, 1.02)

Race (PC2)g

1.73 (1.56, 1.92)

  1. a Excluding the states Arizona, California, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Idaho, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky and Nevada from all analyses since no data on sleep position were available (22.3% of all live births)
  2. b Using a simulation (bootstrap) method with N = 10.000 runs to determine CI. RR are per 10% increase in the independent variable
  3. c 3 or more doses of any diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccines, including diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, and any acellular pertussis vaccine (DTP/DTaP/DT)
  4. d 4 or more doses of any diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccines, including diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, and any acellular pertussis vaccine (DTP/DTaP/DT)
  5. e 3 or more doses of any poliovirus vaccine
  6. f 3 or more doses of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine
  7. g Using the first 2 principal components (PC1 and PC2) for adjustment, with low PC1 values mainly indicating a high percentage of Black and a low percentage of White Americans and low PC2 values indicating a high percentage of Asian Americans
  8. CI indicates confidence interval; DTP, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis; Hib, Haemophilus influenzae type b; PC, principal component; RR, rate ratio