From: Racial and ethnic disparities in opioid use for adolescents at US emergency departments
(Intercept) | aORc | CI 95b | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
0.017 | 0.014–0.021 | < 0.001 | ||
Race/Ethnicity | Non-Hispanic White | – | – | – |
Hispanic | 0.798 | 0.697–0.914 | < 0.001 | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 0.680 | 0.602–0.769 | 0.001 | |
Pain Score | Pain Score 1 (No Pain) | – | – | – |
Pain Score 2 (Mild Pain) | 2.107 | 1.728–2.568 | < 0.001 | |
Pain Score 3 (Moderate Pain) | 4.019 | 3.388–4.769 | < 0.001 | |
Pain Score 4 (Severe Pain) | 7.775 | 6.521–9.271 | < 0.001 | |
Pain Score 0 (No Score Reported) | 2.592 | 2.187–3.073 | < 0.001 | |
Pain Diagnosis | No Pain Diagnoses | – | – | – |
Abdominal Pain | 2.226 | 1.973–2.510 | < 0.001 | |
Fractures | 7.578 | 6.464–8.883 | < 0.001 | |
Injury excluding fracture | 1.551 | 1.383–1.740 | < 0.001 | |
Musculoskeletal Pain | 3.130 | 2.703–3.625 | < 0.001 | |
Other Pain Diagnoses | 2.029 | 1.734–2.375 | < 0.001 | |
Region | Northeast | – | – | – |
Midwest | 1.536 | 1.271–1.856 | < 0.001 | |
South | 1.904 | 1.612–2.250 | < 0.001 | |
West | 2.318 | 1.877–2.863 | < 0.001 | |
Payment Method | Private Insurance | – | – | – |
Medicaid, CHIP, State | 0.808 | 0.740–0.883 | < 0.001 | |
Other Payment Method | 0.889 | 0.777–1.018 | 0.088 | |
Self-Pay | 1.054 | 0.945–1.176 | 0.343 | |
Sex | Male | – | – | – |
Female | 0.860 | 0.783–0.944 | 0.001 | |
Adolescent Age | 11–14 | – | – | – |
15–17 | 1.500 | 1.354–1.662 | < 0.001 | |
18–21 | 2.452 | 2.249–2.672 | < 0.001 |