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Table 2 Children of concern as perceived by the participants

From: Pediatric dentists’ perspectives of children with special health care needs in Japan: developmental disabilities, phobia, maltreatment, and multidisciplinary collaboration

Core categories

Categories

Examples of quotes (participant ID No.)

Participants' ID No. with related quotes

Children who exhibit the possibilities of developmental disabilities (DDs)

Children who exhibit unusual communication

We do not communicate well with each other, but children keep talking by themselves. I wonder if they are talking because they are afraid of something or if they are also constantly talking at home (No. 13).

No. 1, 2, 3, 8, 10, 12, 13, 16, 20, 21

Children who exhibit impulsivity

A child who does not listen to me at all and cries and acts violently. One kid got up suddenly when I was making a mould and went into the trash (No. 5).

No. 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 16, 18, 19

Children who exhibit hyperactivity

When I call the patient to come in, other children come to me, greet me as customary, and can reply with, "Yes." However, children with concerns never come in such a natural way. As soon as I notice such children have come, they immediately disappear (No. 3).

No. 2, 3, 6

Children who have intellectual disabilities

Including children with mild MR (mentally retarded), children with autism. Generally, they have autism, and they have a wide range of disabilities (No. 14).

No. 2, 4, 5, 14, 17

Children with dental phobia possibly derived from mental health problems

Children who might have trauma

I suppose some children truly have a phobia. In fact, I do not know they have experienced something that remains as trauma (No. 10).

No. 1, 10

Children who might experience bullying

When the patient went to elementary school, they had unknown mental health problems (No. 19).

No. 7, 19

Children who might have sensory issues

Recently, I have noticed children who even show vomiting reflex. So to speak, I occasionally see children who may have dental phobia (No. 1).

No. 1

Children with severe rampant caries possibly derived from maltreatment

Children who might be a victim of child abuse

The condition of the cavity is not normal. When that happens, I wonder what I should do as the child is not cared for by their parents (No. 5).

No. 2, 5, 7, 10, 16, 17, 20

Children who might be a victim of dental neglect

The patient’s mother had come to the aesthetic dentist…Even though that mother was very motivated about her teeth, many problems in her child’s mouth would really surprise you (No. 15).

No. 1, 2, 3, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19

Children under overprotective parenting

Parents are unusually fond of their child. Occasionally, strange situations happen that I feel parents are strange. Far from loving their child, they spoil their child, and therefore, their child cannot listen to instructions at all (No. 16).

No. 1, 2, 6, 8, 14, 16, 17

Children with a complicated home environment

Children whose mothers exhibit the possibility of DDs

I don’t know for sure, the mother herself has some problems, so-called autism because I can’t make myself understood when I talk to her (No. 1).

No. 1, 2, 3, 11

Children whose mothers have low health literacy

I do not know whether such mothers have little interests or genuinely do not know. Some mothers say their children's teeth have melted down since birth. (No. 17).

No. 2, 11, 17

Children in poverty and with many siblings

I consider that some smelly children are not the victim of neglect. However, mothers do not have time to take care of because they have many siblings (No. 2).

No. 2, 3, 12, 18

Children whose mothers have language problems

I think that dealing with mothers who are not Japanese is difficult. I guess there is a difference. After all, cultural differences are complex (No. 18).

No. 18