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Table 2 The prevalence of inpatient antibiotic utilization by antibiotic combination situation, economic zone, study setting, and hospital level.

From: Prevalence and risk factors for antibiotic utilization in Chinese children

 

No. of studies (N)

n/N

Percentage (95% CI) (%)

Antibiotic combination situation (31)

 Single use of antibiotic

31

14591/24236

59.8 (51.0-68.6)

 Combined use of antibiotic

31

9654/24236

40.2 (31.4-49.0)

Economic zone (41)

 Eastern

25

29815/36466

81.0 (77.3-84.7)

 Central

9

17707/22043

78.9 (71.9-86.0)

 Western

13

23205/32583

80.5 (71.2-89.8)

Study setting (41)

 Urban

40

4420/58190

81.7 (77.5-86.0)

 Rural

2

219/296

76.3 (62.3-90.3)

Hospital level (41)

 Level 3

31

41159/54494

79.7 (74.7-84.6)

 Level 2

11

3437/3947

85.5 (81.6-89.5)

 Level 1

1

43/45

95.6(-)

Study period (35)

 2010-2011

22

30276/40486

82.9 (77.4-88.3)

 2012-2013

11

10748/12445

87.9 (84.3-91.4)

 2014-2015

8

9232/11193

82.9 (75.8-89.9)

 2016-2017

6

5801/ 8209

67.6 (57.1-78.1)

 2018-2019

4

3506/4351

82.3 (72.9-91.7)

Sample size (41)

 ≤1000

27

12534/15777

81.0 (76.8-85.3)

 >1000

15

32105/42709

82.0 (73.9-90.2)

  1. N: Sample Size; n: Number of Children with Antibiotics; random-effect meta-analysis was used to calculate the overall pooled prevalence of antibiotic utilization. For studies reported different economic zone, study setting, hospital level, study period, sample size, we conducted meta- analysis more than once. Six studies study period was before 2010, therefore, there were 35 studies included subgroup analysis of study period.