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Table 1 The prevalence of outpatient antibiotic utilization by antibiotic combination situation, economic zone, study setting, and hospital level.

From: Prevalence and risk factors for antibiotic utilization in Chinese children

 

No. of studies (N)

n/N

Percentage (95% CI) (%)

Antibiotic combination situation (23)

 Single use of antibiotic

23

28467/36751

74.8 (68.2-81.3)

 Combined use of antibiotic

23

8284/36751

25.2 (18.7-31.8)

Economic zone (35)

 Eastern

24

74716/134667

59.8 (49.3-70.2)

 Central

4

4363/5244

80.0 (67.2-92.8)

 Western

7

5371/8540

70.0 (56.1-83.9)

Study setting (35)

 Urban

29

68961/118022

64.1 (54.4-73.8)

 Rural

6

15489/30429

63.1 (44.3-82.0)

Hospital level (35)

 Level 3

19

61551/103670

64.0 (54.9-73.0)

 Level 2

9

14214/33478

57.3 (37.1-77.6)

 Level 1

8

8658/11303

71.3 (63.0-79.6)

Study period (33)

 2010-2011

15

66803/10992

68.5 (58.5-78.4)

 2012-2013

9

10607/22511

54.5 (35.0-74.1)

 2014-2015

12

16919/31424

65.2 (49.3-81.1)

 2016-2018

7

24033/39501

68.6 (59.0-78.1)

Sample size (35)

 ≤5000

29

31832/55737

64.8 (53.5-76.1)

 >5000

6

52618/92714

57.7 (39.3-76.0)

  1. N: Sample Size; n: Number of Children with Antibiotics; random-effect meta-analysis was used to calculate the overall pooled prevalence of antibiotic utilization. For studies reported different economic zone, study setting, hospital level, study period, sample size, we conducted meta- analysis more than once. Two studies study period was in 2009, therefore, there were 33 studies included subgroup analysis of study period.