Fig. 1

Enrollment, classification, and treatment of the study infants. Infants who met the inclusion criteria and none of the exclusion criteria. Perinatal asphyxia was defined as one or more of the following: 10 min Apgar score ≤ 5, resuscitation ≥ 10 min, blood gas pH < 7.0, and blood gas base deficit ≥ 16. One patient with Sarnat stage 2 neonatal encephalopathy did not receive therapeutic hypothermia due to severe bleeding