Table 6 Correlation between participant characteristics and dietary free choline, glycero-phospho-choline, phospho-choline, phosphatidyl choline, total choline, total betaine, and total choline and betaine intake among six-year-old Iranian girls (n = 788)

Maternal age (Year)

−0.350

0.326

−0.051

0.155

−0.044

0.217

0.001

0.983

−0.018

0.620

−0.072

0.044

−0.032

0.377

Maternal BMI (kg/m²)

−0.014

0.685

−0.030

0.400

−0.031

0.383

−0.014

0.704

−0.019

0.601

−0.062

0.084

−0.030

0.397

Participants BMI (kg/m²)

0.044

0.222

0.034

0.347

0.025

0.476

0.046

0.196

0.046

0.194

0.017

0.624

0.046

0.196

Maternal physical activity (MET/h)

−0.013

0.717

−0.014

0.702

−0.011

0.753

0.020

0.582

0.007

0.836

0.005

0.892

0.008

0.827

Participant physical activity (MET/h)

−0.027

0.456

−0.047

0.191

−0.046

0.196

−0.029

0.417

−0.027

0.492

−0.029

0.416

−0.038

0.285

BMI-for-age (BAZ)

0.070

0.05

0.041

0.249

0.039

0.278

0.053

0.138

0.058

0.104

0.021

0.558

0.058

0.107

Height-for-age (HAZ)

−0.017

0.639

−0.002

0.954

0.002

0.965

0.037

0.298

0.021

0.560

−0.064

0.071

0.005

0.882

Mid-arm circumference(cm)

0.069

0.053

0.025

0.483

0.038

0.282

0.048

0.171

0.051

0.150

0.093

0.009

0.067

0.061

SES

−0.026

0.472

−0.031

0.387

−0.041

0.252

−0.036

0.311

−0.036

0.309

−0.042

0.242

−0.042

0.238

Protein (g/day)

0.087

0.014

0.086

0.016

0.096

0.007

0.091

0.011

0.097

0.006

0.28

< 0.001

0.177

< 0.001

Fat (g/day)

0.411

< 0.001

0.319

< 0.001

0.406

< 0.001

0.341

< 0.001

0.392

< 0.001

0.302

< 0.001

0.39

< 0.001

CHO (g/day)

0.159

< 0.001

0.112

0.002

0.146

< 0.001

0.093

0.009

0.120

0.001

0.248

< 0.001

0.248

< 0.001

Total Fiber (g/day)

0.188

< 0.001

0.129

< 0.001

0.195

< 0.001

0.175

< 0.001

0.184

< 0.001

0.192

< 0.001

0.267

< 0.001

SFA (mg/day)

0.498

< 0.001

0.539

< 0.001

0.554

< 0.001

0.409

< 0.001

0.491

< 0.001

0.277

< 0.001

0.442

< 0.001

Iron (mg/day)

0.221

< 0.001

0.120

0.001

0.164

0.004

0.136

< 0.001

0.162

< 0.001

0.352

< 0.001

0.298

< 0.001

Magnesium (mg/day)

0.354

< 0.001

0.364

< 0.001

0.402

< 0.001

0.271

< 0.001

0.333

< 0.001

0.303

< 0.001

0.421

< 0.001

Zinc (mg/day)

0.403

< 0.001

0.420

< 0.001

0.424

< 0.001

0.378

< 0.001

0.425

< 0.001

0.168

< 0.001

0.424

< 0.001

Potassium (mg/day)

0.352

< 0.001

0.356

< 0.001

0.406

< 0.001

0.258

< 0.001

0.322

< 0.001

0.116

0.001

0.320

< 0.001

Calcium (mg/day)

0.350

< 0.001

0.523

< 0.001

0.526

< 0.001

0.211

< 0.001

0.327

< 0.001

0.201

< 0.001

0.342

< 0.001

Phosphorus (mg/day)

0.455

< 0.001

0.505

< 0.001

0.525

< 0.001

0.355

< 0.001

0.439

< 0.001

0.260

< 0.001

0.458

< 0.001

Vitamin B9 (μg/day)

0.288

< 0.001

0.186

< 0.001

0.266

< 0.001

0.255

< 0.001

0.270

< 0.001

0.140

< 0.001

0.277

< 0.001

Vitamin B12 (μg/day)

0.446

< 0.001

0.539

< 0.001

0.524

< 0.001

0.447

< 0.001

0.505

< 0.001

0.200

< 0.001

0.505

< 0.001

Vitamin A (RAE/day)

0.178

< 0.001

0.139

< 0.001

0.211

< 0.001

0.102

0.004

0.137

< 0.001

0.083

0.02

0.143

< 0.001

Vitamin D (μg/day)

0.373

< 0.001

0.426

< 0.001

0.434

< 0.001

0.324

< 0.001

0.384

< 0.001

0.130

< 0.001

0.380

< 0.001

Vitamin K (μg /day)

0.287

< 0.001

0.198

< 0.001

0.272

< 0.001

0.240

< 0.001

0.263

< 0.001

0.113

0.002

0.265

< 0.001

Vitamin E (mg/day)

0.117

0.128

0.041

0.256

0.071

< 0.001

0.05

0.164

0.066

0.063

0.033

0.352

0.068

0.058