Table 3 Energy adjusted dietary intakes and tertiles of choline and betaine intake among children (n = 788)

Protein (g/day)

32.24 (0.61)

41.41 (5.34)

44.57 (1.00)

0.02

35.29 (0.69)

34.93 (0.83)

48.01 (5.35)

0.005

31.73 (0.61)

36.84 (0.78)

49.65 (5.35)

< 0.001

Fat (g/day)

29.03 (0.63)

32 (0.67)

40.43 (0.98)

< 0.001

31.91 (0.67)

30.93 (0.74)

38.63 (0.97)

< 0.001

28.91 (0.63)

32.09 (0.67)

40.46 (0.98)

< 0.001

CHO (g/day)

147.4 (2.62)

148.93 (3.06)

165.51 (4.06)

< 0.001

150.4 (2.90)

144.54 (3.02)

165.92 (3.89)

< 0.001

144.68 (2.70)

152.9 (3.06)

163.25 (4.02)

< 0.001

Total Fiber (g/day)

5.65 (0.17)

6.18 (0.28)

7.56 (0.26)

< 0.001

6.53 (0.29)

6 (0.25)

6.85 (0.19)

0.196

5.53 (0.16)

6.35 (0.28)

7.51 (0.26)

< 0.001

SFA (mg/day)

17.82 (0.44)

21.7 (0.49)

27.97 (0.74)

< 0.001

21.47 (0.55)

20.24 (0.57)

25.78 (0.71)

< 0.001

18.05 (0.46)

21.43 (0.49)

28.01 (0.73)

< 0.001

Iron (mg/day)

15.57 (0.27)

15.87 (0.30)

17.29 (0.33)

< 0.001

15.76 (0.27)

15.23 (0.30)

17.74 (0.32)

< 0.001

15.25 (0.28)

16.02 (0.29)

17.45 (0.33)

< 0.001

Magnesium (mg/day)

234.97 (4.81)

268.15 (6.76)

325.5 (7.78)

< 0.001

269.13 (6.60)

252.8 (6.80)

306.82 (7.06)

< 0.001

233.3 (4.95)

269.24 (6.65)

326.07 (7.74)

< 0.001

Zinc (mg/day)

6.97 (0.13)

8.74 (0.14)

9.64 (0.13)

< 0.001

8.19 (0.14)

7.98 (0.16)

9.18 (0.14)

< 0.001

6.94 (0.13)

8.77 (0.14)

9.63 (0.13)

< 0.001

Potassium (mg/day)

2853.93 (69.82)

3239.44 (84.40)

3047.47 (95.65)

< 0.001

3271.85 (84.00)

3052.24 (86.93)

3718.34 (89.54)

< 0.001

2825.69 (69.22)

3263.81 (83.66)

3951.24 (96.16)

< 0.001

Calcium (mg/day)

426.63 (9.90)

504.58 (10.62)

504.58 (11.92)

< 0.001

483.38 (10.71)

447.62 (10.58)

564.5 (11.63)

< 0.001

428.03 (10.19)

497.65 (10.32)

569.62 (11.86)

< 0.001

Phosphorus (mg/day)

517.08 (11.71)

623.1 (13.61)

768.91 (12.29)

< 0.001

581.15 (12.92)

576.35 (14.62)

751.47 (16.93)

< 0.001

508.06 (11.46)

630.14 (13.47)

770.86 (17.28)

< 0.001

Vitamin B9 (μg/day)

271.85 (7.34)

316.90 (11.24)

378.46 (12.00)

< 0.001

311.19 (10.85)

292.68 (10.03)

363.48 (10.86)

< 0.001

265.31 (7.24)

320.28 (10.97)

381.59 (12.14)

< 0.001

Vitamin B12 (μg/day)

2.67 (0.08)

3.95 (0.09)

4.71 (0.09)

< 0.001

3.47 (0.09)

3.48 (0.10)

4.37 (0.10)

< 0.001

2.74 (0.08)

3.85 (0.08)

4.74 (0.09)

< 0.001

Vitamin A (RAE/day)

1273.57 (79.00)

1293.32 (45.64)

1562.55 (55.09)

< 0.001

1353.31 (55.86)

1258.55 (67.60)

1517.89 (60.93)

0.032

1226.4 (73.75)

1331.41 (52.52)

1571.45 (55.82)

< 0.001

Vitamin D (μg/day)

0.99 (0.06)

1.65 (0.09)

2.31 (0.10)

< 0.001

1.51 (0.10)

1.43 (0.08)

2.01 (0.10)

< 0.001

0.97 (0.06)

1.67 (0.09)

2.31 (0.1)

< 0.001

Vitamin K (μg /day)

116.09 (4.07)

136.31 (5.41)

168.43 (6.51)

< 0.001

137.73 (5.51)

121.68 (5.07)

161.5 (5.88)

< 0.001

114.29 (3.93)

138.6 (5.74)

167.94 (6.30)

< 0.001

Vitamin E (mg/day)

11.10 (0.34)

11.69 (0.39)

12.09 (0.41)

0.086

11.92 (0.39)

10.78 (0.34)

12.2 (0.41)

0.068

11.11 (0.35)

11.72 (0.38)

12.05 (0.42)

0.136