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Table 3 Comparison of MRD and non-MRD ESKAPEEc bloodstream infections among hospitalized children

From: Epidemiology, risk factors and outcomes of bloodstream infection caused by ESKAPEEc pathogens among hospitalized children

Variable

MRD-ESKAPEEC n = 124

Non-MRD ESKAPEEC n = 44

Univariate analysis

Logistic Regression Analysis#

P Value

P Value

Odds Ratio (95% CI)

Male, No. (%)

50 (40.3)

18 (40.9)

0.946

  

Age (m), Median (IQR)

2.5 (0.5–26.4)

9.7 (1.0–72.0)

0.07

  

Presence of any underlying disease, No. (%)

90 (72.6)

19 (43.2)

< 0.001

0.469

1.376 (0.581–3.26)

Premature and/or low birth weight, No. (%)

44 (35.5)

10 (22.7)

0.120

  

Tumor diseases, No. (%)

24 (19.4)

5 (11.4)

0.228

  

Aplastic anemia, No. (%)

3 (2.4)

0

0.568

  

Congenital heart disease, No. (%)

10 (8.1)

1 (2.3)

0.327

  

Lung disease, No. (%)

11 (8.9)

1 (2.3)

0.263

  

Digestive disease, No. (%)

14 (11.3)

1 (2.3)

0.135

  

Kidney disease, No. (%)

3 (2.4)

1 (2.3)

1.000

  

Other diseases, No. (%)

7 (5.6)

3 (6.8)

1.000

  

Nosocomial infection, No. (%)

51 (41.1)

5 (11.4)

< 0.001

0.037

3.314 (1.076–10.205)

Previous surgery and/ or trauma (within 3 months), No. (%)

20 (16.1)

4 (9.1)

0.252

  

Previous hospitalization (within1 month), No. (%)

27 (21.8)

6 (13.6)

0.243

  

Previous antibiotic use (within 1 month), No. (%)

27 (21.8)

19 (43.2)

0.006

0.219

0.6 (0.266–1.356)

Likely source of infections

 Lung infection, No. (%)

27 (21.8)

4 (9.1)

0.062

  

 Abdominal infection, No. (%)

20 (16.1)

7 (15.9)

0.973

  

 Urinary infection, No. (%)

17 (13.7)

9 (20.5)

0.288

  

 Intracranial infection, No. (%)

2 (1.6)

0

1.000

  

 Skin or soft tissue infection, No. (%)

8 (6.5)

12 (27.3)

< 0.001

0.011

0.245 (0.083–0.721)

 Primary BSI, No. (%)

55 (44.4)

14 (31.8)

0.146

  

Laboratory findings

 White blood cell count (*10^9),Median (IQR)

9.4 (4.9–13.9)

9.8 (7.0–13.3)

0.358

  

 Neutrophil percentage, Median (IQR)

54.0 (33.4–71.0)

58.8 (41.0–76.9)

0.082

  

 Hemoglobin (g/L), Median (IQR)

110.0 (91.8–150.0)

104.5 (94.0–126.0)

0.424

  

 Platelet count ((*10^9), Median (IQR)

188 (100–302)

271 (173–413)

0.004

0.076

0.998 (0.996–1.000)

 C-reactive protein (mg/dL), Median (IQR)

9.5 (3.0–65.8)

32.5 (2.3–150.7)

0.203

  

 Elevated ALT, No. (%)

39 (31.5)

13 (29.5)

0.814

  

 Elevated AST, No. (%)

68 (54.8)

18 (40.9)

0.112

  

Severity of BSI

 MODS, No. (%)

12 (9.7)

1 (2.3)

0.211

  

 Septic shock, No. (%)

10 (8.1)

0

0.065

  

 Mechanical ventilation, No. (%)

32 (25.8)

10 (22.7)

0.685

  

 PICU admission, No. (%)

18 (14.5)

11 (25.0)

0.114

  

 Length of hospital stay (days), Median (IQR)

24.0 (13.0–36.0)

14.5 (9.0–27.3)

0.006

  

 7-day mortality

8 (6.5)

3 (6.8)

1.000

  

 Overall mortality

17 (13.7)

5 (11.4)

0.692

  

 Inappropriate empirical treatment, No. (%)

42 (33.9)

4 (9.1)

0.002

  
  1. MDR multidrug resistant. The interpretation for the other abbreviations were listed in Table 2 legend
  2. Elevated ALT means ALT was > 40 U/L. Elevated AST means AST was > 45 U/L.
  3. # P value of Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was 0.668