Trajectories of child cognitive development during ages 0–3 in rural Western China: prevalence, risk factors and links to preschool-age cognition

Table 2 Cognitive outcomes of rural young children in different age ranges in Northwest China (N = 1245)

Outcome	Infancy	Toddlerhood	Preschool Age	Diff. (1)–(2)	Diff. (1)–(3)	Diff. (2)–(3)
Outcome	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	p-value	p-value	p-value
Cognitive score	96.3 (16.70)	81.0 (21.49)	88.7 (11.75)	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
Rate of delay	20% (0.40)	55% (0.50)	45% (0.50)	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01

Data source is author’s survey. Cognitive scores are the Bayley Scale of Infant Development (BSID) scores on the Mental Development Index (MDI) for infants (6–12 months) and toddlers (22–30 months), and the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Fourth Edition (WPPSI-IV) scores on the Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ) for preschool-age children (49–65 months). Delay is defined as having cognitive scores below − 1 standard deviation (SD) of the mean

ISSN: 1471-2431