Fig. 1

Schematic of standard fortification and individually targeted fortification in the Nourish study. Standard fortification will be provided for all participants and comprises 1) multicomponent liquid human milk fortifier (Similac human milk fortifier hydrolyzed protein concentrated liquid, Abbott Laboratories), 5 mL added to 25 mL milk and 2) liquid protein fortifier (Abbott Laboratories) at 0.27 g/dL. Milk for infants in the intervention group will also be individually fortified with liquid protein (Abbott Laboratories) and/or medium chain triglyceride (MCT) oil (Dot Foods, Nestle USA) to ensure target levels in the ‘base’ milk of 1 g/dL for protein, 3.9 g/dL for fat, and 67.7 kcal/dL for energy. If maternal milk is in short supply, pasteurized donor milk expressed within 3 months of delivery will be used. The study diet will continue through 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age