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Table 3 Association of neonatal care factors with child developmental outcomes

From: Maternal and neonatal factors associated with child development in Ceará, Brazil: a population-based study

 

N

Communication

p-value

Gross motor

p-value

Fine motor

p-value

Problem-solving

p-value

Personal-social

p-value

Multivariate-adjusted standardized mean difference (95% CI)

Multivariate-adjusted standardized mean difference (95% CI)

Multivariate-adjusted standardized mean difference (95% CI)

Multivariate-adjusted standardized mean difference (95% CI)

Multivariate-adjusted standardized mean difference (95% CI)

Neonatal care factorsa

 Extended in-patient stay after birtha

  NICU or Incubator

251

− 0.21 (− 0.41, − 0.01)

0.04

− 0.43 (− 0.77, − 0.09)

0.01

−0.38 (− 0.65, − 0.11)

0.006

− 0.17 (− 0.42, 0.07)

0.17

−0.22 (− 0.41, − 0.03)

0.02

  Nursery

274

− 0.01 (− 0.14, 0.11)

0.83

−0.02 (− 0.13, 0.09)

0.72

−0.02 (− 0.24, 0.19)

0.81

− 0.13 (− 0.29, 0.01)

0.08

0 (− 0.13, 0.14)

0.98

  Routine Discharge

2984

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Need for resuscitation after birtha (Reference: no)

  Yes

36

−0.43 (− 0.83, − 0.03)

0.03

− 0.56 (− 1.45, 0.32)

0.21

− 0.78 (− 1.3, − 0.25)

0.004

−0.14 (− 0.77, 0.47)

0.64

− 0.46 (− 0.95, 0.02)

0.06

 Antibiotics after birth (neonatal infection)b (Reference: no)

  Yes

191

−0.18 (− 0.43, 0.07)

0.16

− 0.34 (− 0.72, 0.04)

0.08

−0.32 (− 0.6, − 0.05)

0.02

−0.28 (− 0.5, − 0.07)

0.01

−0.19 (− 0.44, 0.05)

0.13

 Breastfed within the first hour of lifec (Reference: yes)

  No

732

−0.1 (− 0.24, 0.03)

0.13

− 0.3 (− 0.51, − 0.09)

0.005

−0.16 (− 0.41, 0.08)

0.20

−0.06 (− 0.21, 0.08)

0.39

−0.21 (− 0.37, − 0.06)

0.007

  1. aadjusted for age, sex, interviewer, maternal level of schooling, permanent income, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, smoking, drinking, low birth weight, gestational age and twin birth
  2. badjusted for age, sex, interviewer, maternal level of schooling, permanent income, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, smoking, drinking, low birth weight, twin birth, and extended in-patient hospital stay after birth
  3. cadjusted for age, sex, interviewer, maternal level of schooling, permanent income, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, smoking, drinking, low birth weight, twin birth, antibiotics, and need for resuscitation (selected to avoid collinearity)
  4. General linear models, adjusted for sample clustering