Table 1 Characteristics of 3566 children from 3200 families assessed with the ASQ-3 at 0–72 months of age in Ceará, Brazil
Characteristics | Mean ± SD or N (%)a | |
|---|---|---|
Child and social factors | ||
Child Age | 31.8 ± 23.1 | |
Infant | 789 (22.1) | |
Toddler | 1363 (38.2) | |
Preschooler | 1414 (39.7) | |
Male child | 1786 (50.0%) | |
Maternal level of schooling in years | 4.4 ± 2.8 | |
Monthly household income in Brazilian Reais | 1090.4 ± 1017.9 | |
Low birth weight (< 2500 g) | 278 (7.7) | |
Pregnancy factors | ||
Maternal iron supplementation during pregnancy | 3317 (93.0%) | |
Folic acid supplementation during pregnancy | 3320 (93.1) | |
Smoking during pregnancy | 216 (6.0) | |
Alcohol consumption during pregnancy | 207 (5.8) | |
Birth and neonatal factors | ||
Gestational age | Preterm (< 37) | 147 (10.4) |
Full-Term | 1270 (89.6) | |
Extended in-patient hospital stay after birth | NICU or Incubator | 251 (7.0) |
Nursery | 274 (7.7) | |
Need for resuscitation after birth | 36 (1.0) | |
Need for antibiotics after birth | 191 (5.3) | |
Breastfeeding factors | ||
Breastfeeding initiated within the 1st hour of life | 2825 (79.2) | |
Child development | ||
ASQ-BR age-standardized scores | ||
Communication | 52.2 ± 11.5 | |
Gross motor | 55.4 ± 9.3 | |
Fine motor | 49.7 ± 13.7 | |
Problem-solving | 50.7 ± 12.5 | |
Personal-Social | 50.1 ± 11.7 | |