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Table 3 Bivariable and multivariable Cox-regression analysis of predictors for anemia among children living with HIV at Debre Tabor and university of Gondar compressive specialized hospitals, Northwest, Ethiopia 2020 (n = 357)

From: Time to detection of anemia and its predictors among children living with HIV at Debre Tabor and University of Gondar Compressive Specialized Hospitals, 2020: a multicentre retrospective follow-up study

Characteristics

Anemic

HR (95% CI)

Yes (58)

No (299)

CHR

AHR

P-value

Age of the Caregiver’s

≤34 years

34

182

0.9(0.55–1.57)

–

 

> 34 years

24

117

Ref

–

 

Sex Caregiver’s

Male

30

134

1.4(0.83–2.32)

1.3(0.82–2.38)

0.220

Female

28

165

Ref

Ref

 

Age of the child (years)

≤7

25

153

0.8(0.45–1.28)

–

 

> 7

33

146

Ref

–

 

Sex

Male

29

155

1.0(0.59–1.66)

–

 

Female

29

144

Ref

–

 

Residence

Rural

10

62

0.8 (0.45–1.75)

–

 

Urban

48

237

Ref

–

 

Marital status

Married

39

210

0.9(0.49–1.70)

–

 

Divorced

5

32

0.7(0.27–2.09)

–

 

Widowed

14

57

0.8(0.34–2.41)

–

 

Religion

Orthodox

49

253

1.4(0.18–10.8)

–

 

Muslim

8

41

1.3(0.16–11.3)

–

 

Othera

1

5

Ref

–

 

Caregiver’s educational status

No education

25

122

0.7(0.28–1.89)

–

 

Primary education

15

77

0.6(0.23–1.77)

–

 

Secondary education

13

83

0.6(0.20–1.55)

–

 

Tertiary education

5

17

Ref

–

 

Occupation of the caregiver

Non employed

37

156

1.6(0.94–2.76)

2.1(0.97–3.89)

0.056

Employed

21

143

Ref

Ref

 

Weight for height

Normal

21

154

Ref

Ref

 

Underweight

37

145

1.9(1.10–3.24)

1.5(0.88–2.72)

0.127

Height for age

Normal

28

183

Ref

Ref

 

Stunted

30

116

1.5(0.92–2.59)

1.2(0.69–2.05)

0.543

CD4 counts or %

Below threshold

21

49

2.4(1.39–4.09)

1.9(1.09–3.37)

0.024

Above threshold

37

250

Ref

Ref

 

WHO stages

Stage I&II

24

220

Ref

  

Stage III&IV

34

77

4.3(2.50–7.24)

4.2(1.8–11.1)

0.001b

Hx of opportunistic infections

No

17

159

Ref

Ref

 

Yes

41

140

2.7(1.56–4.85)

1.1(0.45–2.85)

0.800

Regimen at baseline

AZT-based

52

257

1.4(0.60–3.24)

–

 

d4T-based

6

42

Ref

–

 

Cotrimoxazole preventive therapy (CPT)

Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT)

No

22

44

3.1(1.82–5.32)

2.2(1.23–3.82)

0.008b

Yes

36

255

Ref

Ref

 

No

40

208

1.0(0.55–1.72)

–

 

Yes

18

91

Ref

–

 

ART adherence

Good

39

241

Ref

Ref

 

Fair

9

22

4.3(2.02–8.98)

2.0(0.88–4.79)

0.094

Poor

12

36

2.8(1.45–5.37)

2.4(1.20–4.85)

0.016a

Treatment failure

Yes

5

31

1.0(0.38–2.42)

–

 

No

53

268

Ref

–

 

TB status

Yes

11

30

2.6(1.34–5.00)

0.7(0.32–1.53)

0.369

No

47

269

Ref

Ref

 

Duration on ART

<=5 years

43

156

1.2(0–3-3.2)

–

 

> 5 years

15

143

Ref

–

 

ART initiation

after test and treat

20

134

Ref

Ref

 

before test and treat (pre-ART)

38

165

1.5(0.89–2.62)

2.0(0.98–3.57)

0.057

  1. aSignificant at < 0.05; b Significant at < 0.01; CHR Crude hazard ratio, AHR adjusted hazard ratio, Ref reference category, CI confidence interval