Table 3 Characteristics of case and control households by sanitation- and water-related factors in Dessie City, northeastern Ethiopia, January–February 2018
Variable | Category | Case (N = 119) | Control (N = 238) | Unadjusted mOR (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n(%) | n(%) | ||||
Type of latrine | Private | 53(44.5) | 125(52.5) | Ref | |
Public | 18(15.1) | 40(16.8) | 1.08(0.56–2.09) | 0.782 | |
Shared | 48(40.3) | 73(30.7) | 1.54(0.95–2.50) | 0.451 | |
Feces observed on the floor and/or around the latrine | Yes | 53(44.5) | 57(23.9) | 2.46(1.84–3.93) | < 0.001 |
No | 66(55.5) | 181(76.1) | Ref | ||
Handwashing facility within/around the latrine | No | 79(66.4) | 199(83.6) | 2.58(1.8–7.89) | 0.015 |
Yes | 40(33.6) | 39(16.4) | Ref | ||
Proximity of the latrine from home (meters) | < 15 | 98(82.4) | 184(77.3) | 1.37(0.78–2.40) | 0.271 |
15 or more | 21(17.6) | 54(22.7) | Ref | ||
Garbage/refuse disposal method | Burning | 13(13.4) | 15(6.3) | 1.89(0.82–4.38) | 0.134 |
Disposed of into open field | 10(8.4) | 24(10.1) | 0.91(0.42–1.96) | 0.810 | |
Taken by house-to-house garbage collectors or put into municipal garbage container | 96(80.7) | 199(83.6) | Ref | ||
Domestic sewage discharge method | Open ditch outside the compound | 42(35.3) | 88(37.0) | 2.39(1.52–4.35) | 0.004 |
Discharged into latrine | 25(21.0) | 11(4.6) | 8.59(3.78–13.5) | 0.001 | |
Discharge everywhere | 27(22.7) | 23(9.7) | 5.74(2.68–12.3) | 0.001 | |
Soak-away pit | 25(21.0) | 116(48.7) | Ref | ||
Piped water source type | Public water tap | 5(4.2) | 13(5.5) | 0.75(0.25–2.21) | 0.597 |
Private water tap | 114(95.8) | 225(94.5) | Ref | ||
Mouth size of drinking water storage container(s) | Narrow-mouthed | 44(37.0) | 62(26.1) | Ref | |
Wide-mouthed | 36(30.3) | 50(21.0) | 0.99(0.56–1.76) | 0.989 | |
Both narrow-mouthed and wide-mouthed | 39(32.8) | 126(52.9) | 0.44(0.26–0.75) | 0.002 | |
Method of obtaining water from drinking water storage container | Pouring | 19(16.0) | 37(15.5) | Ref | |
Dipping | 56(47.1) | 64(26.9) | 1.75(0.90–3.39) | 0.099 | |
Both pouring and dipping | 44(37.0) | 137(57.6) | 0.61(0.32–1.17) | 0.138 | |
Daily per capita water consumption (liters) | 30 l or more | 37(31.1) | 100(42.0) | Ref | |
< 30 l | 82(68.9) | 138(58.0) | 1.51(0.98–2.33) | 0.065 | |
Mothers/caregivers handwashing practice at critical times | < 3 critical times | 51(42.9) | 21(8.8) | 7.75(4.36–13.10) | < 0.001 |
> 3 critical times | 68(57.1) | 217(91.2) | Ref |