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Table 2 Perinatal, surgical, and neonatal variables in children with normal or abnormal pulmonary function test resultsa

From: Functional and structural evaluation in the lungs of children with repaired congenital diaphragmatic hernia

 

Normal PFT (n = 21)

Abnormal PFT (n = 7)

P-value

PFT ageb, years

6.2 ± 1.0

6.4 ± 0.9

0.5

Perinatal factors

 Male, n (%)

14 (67%)

2 (29%)

0.1

 Birth weight, g

3024.9 ± 294.0

2775.9 ± 325.9

0.1

 Gestational age, weeks

38.5 ± 1.1

38.3 ± 1.1

0.7

 1 min APAGAR score

5.8 ± 1.5

6.2 ± 1.4

0.5

 5 min APAGAR score

7.8 ± 1.1

7.9 ± 1.2

0.8

 HCc, cm

34.9 ± 1.1

33.6 ± 1.1

< 0.05

 CCc, cm

32.3 ± 1.5

30.3 ± 1.0

< 0.001

 ACc, cm

29.3 ± 1.5

26.9 ± 1.0

< 0.05

 HC/CCc

1.1 ± 0.1

1.1 ± 0.1

0.4

 Polyhydramnios, n (%)

3 (14%)

1 (14%)

0.7

Surgical findings

 Herniated organs, n

3 ± 1.0

2.7 ± 1.1

0.6

 Stomach, n (%)

11 (52%)

2 (29%)

0.3

 Small bowel, n (%)

20 (95%)

7 (100%)

0.8

 Colon, n (%)

17 (81%)

4 (57%)

0.2

 Liver, n (%)

3 (15%)

1 (14%)

0.7

 Spleen, n (%)

13 (62%)

5 (72%)

0.5

 Kidney, n (%)

1 (5%)

0 (0%)

0.8

 Defect size, cm2

13.0 ± 9.8

8.1 ± 6.5

0.2

Neonatal factors

 Days to surgery

4.0 ± 1.1

4.4 ± 1.9

0.6

 HFOV, n (%)

8 (38%)

3 (43%)

0.5

 iNO, n (%)

1 (5%)

1 (14%)

0.4

 ECMO, n (%)

0 (0%)

1 (14%)

0.2

 Max FiO2d

0.6 ± 0.2

0.4 ± 0.3

0.3

 Max OIe

9.5 ± 14.0

12.8 ± 13.9

0.6

 Mean OIf

3.5 ± 2.0

4.8 ± 4.3

0.4

 Preop Mean OIg

4.9 ± 4.5

8.0 ± 7.6

0.3

 Duration of ventilation, days

7.8 ± 4.7

12.6 ± 9.0

0.2

 Hospital day

21.5 ± 9.3

30.7 ± 18.0

0.09

 PPHN, n (%)

10 (48%)

3 (43%)

0.6

 Pneumothorax, n (%)

1 (5%)

0 (0%)

0.7

Multivariate Analysis

OR

95% CI

P-value

Head circumference

0.17

0.02–0.64

< 0.05

Abdominal circumference

0.37

0.10–0.78

< 0.05

  1. AC abdominal circumference, CC chest circumference, ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, HC head circumference, HC/CC head circumference to chest circumference ratio, HFOV high-frequency oscillator ventilation, iNO inhaled nitric oxide therapy, PPHN persistent pulmonary hypertension
  2. aChildren with left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia only
  3. bAge at which pulmonary function test was performed
  4. cMeasured at birth
  5. dMax FiO2 denotes maximum oxygen concentration given during ventilator support
  6. eMax OI denotes maximum value of oxygen index during hospitalization
  7. fMean OI denotes mean value of oxygen index during hospitalization
  8. gPreop Mean OI denotes mean value of oxygen index prior to corrective surgery