Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the respondents (n = 668)

Sex

Marital status

 Male

336

50.3%

Married

643

96.3

 Female

332

49.7%

Divorced

25

3.7

Age (years)

Number of child

 7

53

7.9

Not filled

19

2.8

 8

68

10.2

1

257

38.5

 9

90

13.5

2

339

50.7

 10

112

16.8

> 2

53

7.9

 11

51

7.6

Mother education

 12

20

3.0

Not filled

24

3.6

 13

50

7.5

Illiterate

8

1.2

 14

91

13.6

Primary

42

6.3

 15

133

19.9

Middle

176

26.3

School level

High school

98

14.7

 Primary

394

59.0

Diploma

103

15.4

 Middle

274

41.0

Undergraduate

142

21.3

School type

Master

49

7.3

 Boarding school

86

12.9

PhD

26

3.9

 Day school

582

87.1

Father education

Children live with

Not filled

29

4.3

 Parents

638

95.5

Illiterate

3

.4

 Grandparents

25

3.7

Primary

26

3.9

 Other caregivers

5

.7

Middle

192

28.7

Ethnicity

High school

100

15.0

 Han

586

87.7

Diploma

85

12.7

 Other ethnic

82

12.3

Undergraduate

161

24.1

Residence

Master

44

6.6

 Rural area

504

75.4

PhD

28

4.2

 Urban area

164

24.6

Mother profession

Monthly Income (RMB)

Not filled

26

3.89

  < 3000

80

12.0

Farmer

81

12.12

 3001–5000

173

25.9

Teacher

94

14.07

 5001–10,000

225

33.7

Nurse

13

1.95

  > 10,000

161

24.1

Doctor

23

3.44

 Not filled

29

4.3

Civil servant

34

5.1

Province

Private sector

118

17.66

 Gansu

167

25.0

Businessman

32

4.09

 Henan

231

34.6

Others

247

36.98

 Liaoning

62

9.3

Father profession

 Inner Mongolia

72

10.8

Not filled

27

4.0

 Zhejiang

54

8.1

Farmer

73

10.9

 Others

82

12.27

Teacher

51

7.6

Doctor

19

2.8

Civil Servant

59

8.8

Private sector

133

19.9

Businessman

55

8.2

Others

251

37.6