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Table 2 Likelihood of Ages and Stages Questionnaire domain and total scores below the threshold (<−2 SD) at age 4 per week/month later age at which a child first smiles (in weeks)a and walks (in months)a: odds ratios (OR) crude and stratified by gestational age group

From: Attainment of smiling and walking in infancy associates with developmental delays at school entry in moderately-late preterm children: a community-based cohort study

Smiling-age (weeks)

 

All children

N = 514

Full-term only (GA 38–42)

N = 201

Moderately-late preterm only (GA 32–36)a

N = 313

ASQ

OR

95%-CI

P-value

OR

95%-CI

P-value

OR

95%-CI

P-value

Communication

1.10

0.97–1.24

0.13

1.07

0.74–1.54

0.71

1.22

0.98–1.52

0.080

Personal-Social

1.04

0.90–1.20

0.64

1.02

0.62–1.66

0.95

1.31

1.02–1.67

0.031

Problem Solving

1.09

0.93–1.28

0.29

1.08

0.68–1.70

0.75

1.43

1.05–1.95

0.022

Fine Motor

0.93

0.82–1.07

0.31

1.28

0.72–2.25

0.40

1.16

0.93–1.46

0.18

Gross Motor

1.05

0.92–1.19

0.47

1.15

0.80–1.66

0.46

1.36

1.03–1.80

0.031

Total Score

1.05

0.93–1.19

0.42

1.24

0.88–1.76

0.23

1.35

1.08–1.67

0.007

Walking-age (months)

 

All children

N = 1110

Full-term only (GA 38–42)

N = 425

Moderately-late preterm only (GA 32–36)a

N = 685

ASQ

OR

95%-CI

P-value

OR

95%-CI

P-value

OR

95%-CI

P-value

Communication

1.06

0.01–1.13

0.029

1.14

0.97–1.34

0.12

1.06

0.99–1.13

0.12

Personal-Social

1.12

1.05–1.20

0.001

1.33

1.07–1.65

0.010

1.10

1.01–1.18

0.021

Problem Solving

1.06

0.99–1.14

0.099

0.93

0.71–1.23

0.63

1.06

0.97–1.15

0.18

Fine Motor

1.13

1.06–1.20

< 0.001

1.20

0.98–1.48

0.083

1.07

1.00–1.15

0.066

Gross Motor

1.21

1.13–1.30

< 0.001

1.35

1.14–1.60

< 0.001

1.15

1.06–1.25

0.001

Total Score

1.16

1.09–1.23

< 0.001

1.26

1.04–1.52

0.016

1.13

1.05–1.22

0.002

  1. ASQ Ages and Stages Questionnaire, OR Odds Ratio, 95%-CI 95% Confidence Interval, GA Gestational age. aData for preterm children are corrected for gestational age. Bold printed indicate that results remained similar after adjustment for gender, small-for-gestational age status, maternal educational level and ethnicity. Italic printed indicate that results lost statistical significance after adjustment for these covariates