Table 3 Predictors of cognition at 5 years of life in children of MAL-ED cohort
From: Association between head circumference at two years and second and fifth year cognition
Univariate analysis (n = 212) | Multivariable analysis (n = 212) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Predictors | Unadjusted beta co-efficientd | P value | Adjusted beta co-efficientd | P value |
Verbal domaina | ||||
Head circumference z-scores at 24 months | ||||
> − 2 SD | ref | – | ref | – |
< − 2 to ≥ − 3 SD | − 1.97 (− 4.49–0.56) | 0.126 | −1.58 (− 4.06–0.90) | 0.211 |
< − 3 SD | − 9.08 (− 13.44 - -4.71) | < 0.001 | − 7.35 (− 11.78 - -2.92) | 0.001 |
Sex (Female) | 1.12 (− 1.38–3.61) | 0.379 | −0.26 (− 2.69–2.17) | 0.835 |
Mean body ironb | 0.54 (0.22–0.86) | 0.001 | 0.42 (0.10–0.74) | 0.010 |
Mean body leadc | −0.10 (− 0.34–0.14) | 0.423 | −0.07 (− 0.30–0.16) | 0.535 |
WAMI scores | ||||
< 33rd percentile | ref | – | ref | – |
≥ 33rd percentile | 3.06 (0.38–5.75) | 0.025 | 0.01 (− 2.74–2.74) | 0.998 |
Mother’s cognition | 0.25 (0.14–0.36) | < 0.001 | 0.20 (0.08–0.32) | 0.001 |
Length for age z-scores at 24 months | 1.35 (0.08–2.63) | 0.037 | 0.45 (− 0.85–1.75) | 0.493 |
Performance domaina | ||||
Head circumference z-scores at 24 months | ||||
> − 2 SD | ref | – | ref | – |
< − 2 to ≥ − 3 SD | −1.79 (− 4.50–0.92) | 0.194 | −1.36 (− 3.99–1.28) | 0.311 |
< − 3 SD | − 9.29 (− 14 - -4.6) | < 0.001 | −7.07 (− 11.77 - -2.36) | 0.003 |
Sex | −0.32 (− 2.99–2.35) | 0.813 | −1.91 (− 4.49–0.67) | 0.145 |
Mean body ironb | 0.62 (0.28–0.97) | < 0.001 | 0.51 (0.17–0.85) | 0.003 |
Mean body leadc | −0.24 (− 0.50–0.02) | 0.071 | −0.22 (− 0.46–0.02) | 0.068 |
WAMI scores | ||||
< 33rd percentile | ref | – | ref | – |
≥ 33rd percentile | 4.97 (2.15–7.80) | 0.001 | 2.27 (− 0.64–5.18) | 0.125 |
Mother’s cognition | 0.23 (0.11–0.36) | < 0.001 | 0.16 (0.03–0.28) | 0.014 |
Length for age z-scores at 24 months | 1.22 (− 0.14–2.59) | 0.079 | 0.35 (−1.03–1.73) | 0.617 |
Processing speed domaina | ||||
Head circumference z-scores at 24 months | ||||
> − 2 SD | ref | ref | ||
< −2 to ≥ − 3 SD | −1.15 (−6.31–4.00) | 0.660 | 1.00 (− 3.90–5.89) | 0.688 |
< − 3 SD | − 14.09 (− 23.19 - -5.00) | 0.003 | −7.47 (− 16.39 - -1.46) | 0.101 |
Sex | 6.51 (1.56–11.47) | 0.010 | 3.15 (−1.65–7.95) | 0.197 |
Mean body ironb | 1.25 (0.61–1.90) | < 0.001 | 0.94 (0.30–1.56) | 0.004 |
Mean body leadc | −0.16 (− 0.67–0.35) | 0.540 | −0.08 (− 0.55–0.38) | 0.727 |
WAMI scores | ||||
< 33rd percentile | ref | – | ref | – |
≥ 33rd percentile | 8.67 (3.35–14.00) | 0.002 | 2.70 (−2.72–8.13) | 0.327 |
Mother’s cognition | 0.47 (0.25–0.70) | < 0.001 | 0.31 (0.08–0.55) | 0.009 |
Length for age z-scores at 24 months | 4.97 (2.48–7.47) | < 0.001 | 3.48 (0.92–6.04) | 0.008 |