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Table 2 Mutually adjusted associations of sleep-related difficulties with age, gender, and socioeconomic status (SES) in the child sample

From: Sleep-related difficulties in healthy children and adolescents

 

Dependent variables

Sleep-related anxiety

Sleep-disordered breathing

Sleep onset delay

Independent variables

b (95% CI)

p

b (95% CI)

p

b (95% CI)

p

 Age

-0.11 (-0.16; -0.06)

< .001

-0.02 (-0.05; 0.01)

.167

-0.09 (-0.11; -0.06)

< .001

 Gender a

-0.18 (-0.36; 0.002)

.053

-0.05 (-0.15; 0.05)

.354

0.01 (-0.09; 0.11)

.840

 SES

-0.04 (-0.07; -0.02)

.002

-0.02 (-0.04; -0.01)

.005

-0.001 (-0.02; 0.01)

.920

 

Night waking

Daytime sleepiness

Sleep duration

b (95% CI)

p

b (95% CI)

p

b (95% CI)

p

 Age

-0.11 (-0.15; -0.06)

< .001

0.19 (0.09; 0.30)

< .001

0.03 (-0.02; 0.08)

.231

 Gender a

-0.17 (-0.32; -0.01)

.037

-0.07 (-0.44; 0.31)

.726

-0.10 (-0.27; 0.08)

.287

 SES

0.01 (-0.01; 0.04)

.218

0.05 (-0.01; 0.10)

.085

-0.003 (-0.03; 0.02)

.809

 

Parasomnia

Bedtime resistance

Total difficulties score

b (95% CI)

p

b (95% CI)

p

b (95% CI)

p

 Age

-0.07 (-0.12; -0.01)

.013

-0.08 (-0.14; -0.01)

.020

-0.18 (-0.39; 0.03)

.096

 Gender a

-0.23 (-0.42; -0.04)

.020

-0.03 (-0.27; 0.20)

.788

-0.75 (-1.51; 0.01)

.052

 SES

-0.06 (-0.09; -0.04)

< .001

-0.03 (-0.07; 0.0002)

.052

-0.10 (-0.21; 0.02)

.092

  1. Note. According to the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire, n = 855
  2. Reference = female gender