Table 3 The comparison of PIPP scores in three methods, before, during and after heel stick
Measurement | Oral Dextrose (M ± SD) | Facilitated tucking (M ± SD) | Control (M ± SD) | ANOVA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Time | ||||
Difference between during and before | 3.58 ± 0.34 | 5.58 ± 0.53 | 8.91 ± 0.18 | p < 0.001 |
Difference between after and during | −2.33 ± 0.23 | −2.91 ± 0.53 | −4.50 ± 0.29 | p < 0.001 |
Difference between after and before | 1.25 ± 0.38 | 2.66 ± 0.23 | 4.41 ± 0.18 | p < 0.001 |