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Table 3 Linear regression coefficient for association between WASH related variables and nutritionalĀ outcomes among under-five Nepalese children (n = 2320)

From: Water, sanitation and hygiene practices associated with improved height-for-age, weight-for-height and weight-for-age z-scores among under-five childrenĀ in Nepal

WASH Outcomes

Height-for-age (β^, 95%CI)

Weight-for-height (β^, 95%CI)

Weight-for-age (β^, 95%CI)

Unadjusted

Adjusted

Unadjusted

Adjusted

Unadjusted

Adjusted

Sanitation Coverage

0.54 (0.35, 0.74)***

0.28 (0.001, 0.56) a,*

0.66 (0.50, 0.82)***

0.19 (āˆ’ā€‰0.04, 0.42) a

0.78 (0.62, 0.94)***

0.30 (0.12, 0.48)a, **

Water Purification

ā€ƒYes

0.37 (0.16, 0.59)**

āˆ’0.02 (āˆ’ā€‰0.24, 0.20) b

0.52 (0.38, 0.67)***

0.24 (0.07, 0.41)b, **

0.56 (0.38, 0.73)***

0.11 (āˆ’0.06, 0.28) b

ā€ƒNo (Ref)

1

1

1

1

1

1

Water & Soap available

ā€ƒYes

0.46 (0.32, 0.59)***

0.09 (āˆ’0.05, 0.22) c

0.29 (0.18, 0.40)***

0.13 (0.01, 0.24)c, *

0.47 (0.35, 0.58)***

0.15 (0.04, 0.25)c, **

ā€ƒNo (Ref)

1

1

1

1

1

1

  1. aAdjusted for child’s birth weight, child’s age, child’s sex wealth quintiles, use of clean fuel, sex of household head, ecological region, area of residence, women’s age, women's marital status, women’s education, women’s smoking status, women’s BMI, ANC 4th visits, institutional delivery, frequency of watching TV, child's diarrhea incidenceĀ over past 2 weeks, household water purification practice and household water and soap availability
  2. bAdjusted for child’s birth weight, child’s age, child’s sex wealth quintiles, use of clean fuel, sex of household head, ecological region, area of residence, women’s age, women's marital status, women’s education, women’s smoking status, women’s BMI, ANC 4th visits, institutional delivery, frequency of watching TV, child'sĀ diarrhea incidenceĀ over past 2 week, cluster sanitation coverage and household water and soap availability
  3. cAdjusted for child’s birth weight, child’s age, child’s sex wealth quintiles, use of clean fuel, sex of household head, ecological region, area of residence, women’s age, women's marital status, women’s education, women’s smoking status, women’s BMI, ANC 4th visits, institutional delivery, frequency of watching TV, child's diarrhea incidenceĀ over past 2 weeks, cluster sanitation coverage and household water purification practice
  4. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001