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Table 4 Correlations between motor proficiency subtests (scale scores) and mathematical and reading outcomes (standard scores) for total sample

From: Associations between motor proficiency and academic performance in mathematics and reading in year 1 school children: a cross-sectional study

 

Fine motor precision

Fine motor integration

Manual dexterity

Upper limb coordination

Bilateral coordination

Balance

Running speed and agility

Strength

Mathematics composite (n = 55)

rs = .449 (.001)*

rs = .525 (<.001)*

rs = .391 (.003)

r = .274 (.043)

rs = .361 (.007)

r = .231 (.090)

r = .387 (.004)

r = .291 (.031)

Maths reasoning (n = 55)

rs = .449 (.001)*

rs = .530 (<.001)*

rs = .436 (.001)*

r = .233 (.087)

rs = .331 (.013)

r = .224 (.100)

r = .365 (.006)

r = .256 (.059)

Numerical operations (n = 55)

rs = .357 (.007)

rs = .461 (<.001)*

rs = .306 (.023)

r = .296 (.028)

rs = .331 (.014)

r = .217 (.111)

r = .380 (.004)

r = .293 (.030)

Reading composite (n = 54)

rs = .368 (.006)

rs = .470 (<.001)*

rs = .254 (.064)

rs = .289 (.034)

rs = .259 (.058)

rs = .163 (.240)

rs = .252 (.065)

rs = .162 (.241)

Pseudoword decoding (n = 54)

rs = .311 (.022)

rs = .459 (<.001)*

rs = .250 (.069)

rs = .279 (.041)

rs = .353 (.009)

rs = .156 (.261)

rs = .251 (.068)

rs = .188 (.174)

Word reading (n = 55)

rs = .395 (.003)

rs = .512 (<.001)*

rs = .210 (.123)

r = .301 (.026)

rs = .221 (.104)

r = .235 (.084)

r = .269 (.047)

r = .122 (.375)

Reading comprehension (n = 54)

rs = .301 (.027)

rs = .391 (.004)

rs = .245 (.074)

r = .214 (.120)

rs = .141 (.308)

r = .174 (.209)

r = .200 (.147)

r = .078 (.576)

  1. Spearman’s rho (rs) and Pearson’s (r) correlation coefficients are reported as appropriate
  2. *p ≤ .05 (significant correlations after conducting Bonferroni correction at α = 0.05 / 56 ≈ 0.001)