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Table 2 Risk factors for Rotavirus and Campylobacter mono-infection and co-infection in multivariate analysis

From: Co-infection with Campylobacter and rotavirus in less than 5 year old children with acute gastroenteritis in Nepal during 2017–2018

Risk factors

Rotavirus monoinfection

Campylobacter monoinfection

Co-infection

AOR (95%CI)

P -value

AOR (95%CI)

P-value

AOR (95%CI)

P-value

Months

 November

1

 

1

 

1

 

 December

0.59 (0.15–2.30)

0.451

5.57 (0.56–54.98)

0.141

8.98 (0.94–85.86)

0.057

 January

0.39 (0.11–1.30)

0.127

6.06 (0.68–53.96)

0.106

11.34 (1.27–101.27)

0.030a

 February

0.26 (0.07–0.98)

0.047a

5.36 (0.58–48.94)

0.137

25.32 (2.68–238.69)

0.005a

Age (in months)

  < 6

1

 

1

 

1

 

 7–12

1.70 (0.39–7.33)

0.471

0.19 (0.04–0.90)

0.037a

1.26 (0.32–4.87)

0.738

 13–24

1.64 (0.31–8.49)

0.553

0.07 (0.01–0.42)

0.004a

1.42 (0.31–6.45)

0.649

 25–36

3.28 (0.23–45.27)

0.374

0.10 (0.01–1.21)

0.070

0.89 (0.09–8.20)

0.925

 37–60

6.04 (0.33–107.97)

0.221

0.04 (0.01–0.73)

0.029a

0.47 (0.03–5.74)

0.556

Sex

 Male

1

1

 

1

 

 Female

1.09 (0.52–2.26)

0.817

0.90 (0.42–1.90)

0.791

1.59 (0.80–3.12)

0.179

Parent’s occupation

 Agriculture

0.40 (0.13–1.21)

0.107

1.09 (0.31–3.86)

0.886

2.62 (0.90–7.66)

0.077

 Service

0.55 (0.15–1.96)

0.359

1.30 (0.32–5.29)

0.707

1.92 (0.53–6.90)

0.318

 Business

0.82 (0.24–2.82)

0.759

1.35 (0.36–4.96)

0.651

0.70 (0.21–2.34)

0.569

 Others

1

 

1

 

1

 

Breast feed

 No

0.30 (0.04–2.11)

0.230

1.63 (0.34–7.72)

0.534

1.18 (0.29–4.74)

0.814

 Yes

1

 

1

 

1

 

Water source

 Non-pipe borne

1

 

1

 

1

 

 Pipe borne

0.70 (0.27–1.75)

0.448

0.95 (0.39–2.30)

0.924

1.00 (0.45–2.22)

0.997

Drinking water

 Untreated

1

 

1

 

1

 

 Boiled

0.81 (0.28–2.28)

0.695

0.64 (0.21–1.94)

0.438

1.47 (0.55–3.89)

0.436

 Filtered

0.24 (0.03–1.56)

0.137

0

0.998

4.45 (0.92–21.33)

0.062

 Chlorinated

0.70 (0.22–2.22)

0.550

0.78 (0.25–2.46)

0.681

1.45 (0.50–4.16)

0.487

Soil contact

 No soil contact

1.86 (0.35–9.84)

0.460

0.06 (0.01–0.47)

0.008a

3.02 (0.62–14.73)

0.171

 Infrequently

1.39 (0.51–3.75)

0.510

0.49 (0.18–1.33)

0.162

1.01 (0.41–2.42)

0.990

 Frequently

1

 

1

 

1

 

Hygiene

 Poor

1

 

1

 

1

 

 Good

0.45 (0.16–1.24)

0.125

0.97 (0.33–2.80)

0.964

1.01 (0.40–2.55)

0.973

Parent’s education level

 Illiterate

0

0.999

0

0.999

0

0.999

 Literate

0.57 (0.19–1.72)

0.324

0.78 (0.24–2.53)

0.687

2.12 (0.72–6.22)

0.169

 Higher level

1

 

1

 

1

 
  1. AOR Adjusted odds ratio, 95% CI 95% confidence interval, 1 = Reference, P < 0.05 was considered significant,a = significant