Table 3 Final models: associations of explanatory factors and children’s sedentary time (min/h) in multilevel linear regression models
From: Individual-, home- and preschool-level correlates of preschool children’s sedentary time
Level of influence | Variable name | β | Lower 95% CI | Upper 95% CI | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Individual level | Gender | −1.07 | −1.61 | −0.52 | 0.001 | |
Surgency | −0.60 | −0.92 | − 0.27 | 0.001 | ||
Effortful control | 0.24 | −0.16 | 0.64 | 0.232 | ||
Home level | ||||||
Parental beliefs and attitudes | Parental self-efficacy for activating children to physical activity (PA) | 0.18 | −0.24 | 0.61 | 0.403 | |
Parental self-efficacy for limiting children’s screen time | 0.35 | −0.05 | 0.74 | 0.085 | ||
Parental perceived barriers related to children’s outside PA | 0.35 | 0.03 | 0.67 | 0.032 | ||
Parenting practices | Frequent co-visits in PA places | −0.14 | −0.26 | −0.03 | 0.014 | |
Preschool level | ||||||
Principals’ beliefs and attitudes | Principals’ personal interest in health (ref: neither agree or disagree) | |||||
Somewhat agree | −0.18 | −3.58 | 3.21 | 0.916 | ||
Strongly agree | 0.26 | −3.11 | 3.64 | 0.879 | ||
Principals’ beliefs of unhealthy energy balance-related behaviors (EBRBs) as a problem | 0.70 | −0.36 | 1.76 | 0.200 | ||
Organizational policies and practices | Frequency of visits in PA places | −0.20 | −0.44 | 0.04 | 0.104 | |
Guidance for families policy | 0.05 | −0.35 | 0.45 | 0.817 | ||
Additional fixed factors | Preschool time | −0.02 | −0.05 | 0.02 | 0.331 | |
Measurement season | 2.71 | 1.77 | 3.65 | 0.001 | ||