From: Individual-, home- and preschool-level correlates of preschool children’s sedentary time
Level of influence | Variable name | β | Lower 95% CI | Upper 95% CI | p-value | N | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Individual level | Gender | −0.98 | −1.47 | − 0.49 | 0.000 | 718 | |
Age | 0.09 | −0.17 | 0.36 | 0.497 | 718 | ||
BMI | −0.00 | − 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.945 | 684 | ||
Surgency | −0.81 | −1.11 | −0.50 | 0.000 | 658 | ||
Negative affectivity | 0.11 | −0.20 | 0.41 | 0.497 | 658 | ||
Effortful control | 0.69 | 0.31 | 1.08 | 0.000 | 658 | ||
Home level | |||||||
Parental beliefs and attitudes | Parental self-efficacy for activating child for physical activity (PA) | −0.09 | − 0.18 | −0.01 | 0.036 | 709 | |
Parental self-efficacy for limiting children’s screen time | 0.07 | −0.00 | 0.13 | 0.052 | 712 | ||
Parental attitude on importance of physical activity (ref: somewhat disagree) | |||||||
Neither agree or disagree | −0.51 | −2.53 | 1.51 | 0.619 | 715 | ||
Somewhat agree | −0.63 | −2.49 | 1.22 | 0.503 | |||
Strongly agree | −1.09 | −2.95 | 0.76 | 0.248 | |||
Parental attitude on societal pressures regarding screen time | −0.00 | −0.09 | 0.08 | 0.960 | 710 | ||
Parental perceived barriers related to children’s outside PA | 0.13 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.001 | 711 | ||
Parental beliefs of unhealthy energy balance-related behaviors (EBRBs) as a problem | −0.07 | −0.47 | 0.32 | 0.724 | 712 | ||
Parenting practices | Rules for limiting children’s screen time | 0.43 | −0.19 | 1.04 | 0.173 | 685 | |
Parental practice on allowing child to run around inside | 0.09 | −0.23 | 0.40 | 0.586 | 715 | ||
Parental screen use in front of children (ref: high parental screen use) | |||||||
Low | −0.47 | −1.14 | 0.20 | 0.171 | 714 | ||
Middle | −0.56 | − 1.22 | 0.11 | 0.103 | |||
Parental physical activity in front of children | −0.09 | −0.31 | 0.13 | 0.420 | 717 | ||
Frequent co-visits in PA places | −0.12 | −0.12 | − 0.04 | 0.002 | 717 | ||
Mother’s educational level (ref: highly educated) | |||||||
Low | 0.16 | −0.53 | 0.84 | 0.499 | 711 | ||
Middle | −0.21 | −0.81 | 0.40 | 0.648 | |||
Preschool level | |||||||
Principals’ beliefs and attitudes | Principals’ personal interest in health (ref: neither disagree or agree) | ||||||
Somewhat agree | 0.54 | −0.22 | 1.29 | 0.162 | 654 | ||
Strongly agree | 1.07 | 0.44 | 1.70 | 0.001 | |||
Principals’ attitude on the importance of increasing children’s physical activity | 0.02 | −1.34 | 1.37 | 0.982 | 665 | ||
Principals’ attitude on the importance of decreasing children’s sedentary time | −0.23 | −2.24 | 1.77 | 0.820 | 665 | ||
Principals’ self-efficacy for influencing children’s behaviors | −0.18 | −0.81 | 0.45 | 0.570 | 638 | ||
Principals’ beliefs of unhealthy EBRBs as a problem | 0.81 | 0.12 | 1.51 | 0.021 | 659 | ||
Organizational policies and practices | Frequency of visits in PA places | −0.19 | −0.37 | − 0.01 | 0.047 | 665 | |
Screen-time policy | 0.16 | −0.03 | 0.35 | 0.103 | 665 | ||
Guidance for families policy | −0.21 | − 0.38 | −0.04 | 0.039 | 665 | ||
Healthy PA policy | 0.06 | −0.04 | 0.13 | 0.200 | 665 | ||
Active play possibility during free play | 0.29 | −0.48 | 1.06 | 0.466 | 674 | ||
Preschool neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) (ref: high neighborhood SES) | Low | 0.62 | −0.65 | 1.89 | 0.339 | 718 | |
Middle | 0.32 | −0.73 | 1.37 | 0.554 |