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Table 4 Risk factors associated with IVH in univariable and multivariable analysis (N = 120)

From: Intraventricular haemorrhage in a Ugandan cohort of low birth weight neonates: the IVHU study

Risk factor

Risk factor present

n (%)

No IVH

(N = 79)

n (%)

Any IVH

(N = 41)

n (%)

Unadjusted OR (95% CI)

Adjusted OR (95% CI)

Antepartum

 Multiple pregnancy

47 (39.2)

34 (43.0)

13 (31.7)

0.61 (0.27–1.3)

0.54 (0.23–1.22)

 Maternal HIV

7 (5.8)

3 (3.8)

4 (9.8)

2.59 (0.54–13.76)

1.90 (0.38–10.41)

 Antepartum steroids (2 doses)

6 (5.0)

6 (7.6)

0 (0)

0 (0–6.19)

0 (0–1.05)

 Antepartum steroids (any doses)

54 (45)

39 (49.4)

15 (36.6)

0.55 (0.25–1.20)

0.63 (0.27–1.47)

Intrapartum

 Vaginal delivery

98 (81.7)

60 (75.9)

38 (92.7)

4.011 (1.26–17.89)

3.50 (1.01–16.45)

 Outborn

56 (46.7)

39 (49.4)

17 (41.5)

1.376 (0.65–2.98)

1.87 (0.80–4.57)

Neonatal

 Male

60 (50.0)

41 (52.9)

19 (346.3)

0.80 (0.37–1.70)

0.69 (0.15–3.12)

 Admission weight < 1500 ga

62 (51.7)

38 (48.1)

24 58.5)

1.52 (0.71–3.30)

0.67 (0.15–2.93)

 Gestation < 32 weeksb

41 (34.2)

27 (34.2)

14 (34.1)

1.00 (0.45–2.27)

6.70 (1.6–31.02)

 SGA (<10th centile)

51 (42.5)

33 (41.8)

18 (43.9)

1.09 (0.50–2.36)

2.6 (0.79–9.42)

 Resuscitation at delivery

13 (10.8)

11 (13.9)

2 (4.9)

0.32 (0.05–1.26)

0.36 (0.05–1.47)

 Resuscitation in NU

10 (8.3)

3 (3.8)

7 (17.1)

5.22 (1.36–25.34)

5.10 (1.23–26.36)

 Respiratory distress within 4 h of admission

49 (40.8)

29 (36.7)

20 (48.8)

1.64 (0.76–3.55)

1.43 (0.581–3.48)

 bCPAP

38 (31.7)

20 (25.3)

18 (43.9)

2.31 (1.04–5.17)

2.09 (0.84–5.27)

 hsPDA

20 (16.7)

10 (12.7)

10 (24.4)

2.23 (0.83–5.97)

1.89 (0.68–5.24)

 Hypothermia (< 36 degrees) in 1st 24 h

84 (70.0)

53 (67.1)

31 (75.6)

1.46 (0.63–3.56)

1.17 (0.45–3.16)

 Hypoxia (< 90% saturation in air) at presentation

47 (39.2)

31 (39.2)

16 (39.0)

0.99 (0.45–2.15)

1.00 (0.43–2.33)

  1. aAdjusted for sex and gestational age, badjusted for sex and weight. All other variables adjusted for sex, gestational age and weight