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Table 3 Variables associated by low body perfusion and hypoxia for infants before NEC development

From: Hypoxic/ischemic hits predispose to necrotizing enterocolitis in (near) term infants with congenital heart disease: a case control study

 

NEC

n

Control

n

P

Apgar score at 1 minute a

8 (7–8)

12

9 (8–9)

12

0.01

Apgar score at 5 minutes a

8 (8–9)

12

9 (9–10)

12

0.009

Respiratory support in the delivery room (%) a

11 (69)

16

2 (13)

16

0.001

Diastolic blood pressure 0–24 h (mm Hg) a

42 (34–44)

16

40 (38–48)

16

0.49

Diastolic blood pressure 24–48 h (mm Hg)b

39 (34–42)

10

43 (37–51)

10

0.11

Systolic blood pressure 0–24 h (mm Hg) a

68 (63–76)

16

72 (66–77)

16

0.37

Systolic blood pressure 24–48 h (mm Hg)b

67 (62–74)

10

70 (68–80)

10

0.29

First Hb measurement (mmol/L)b

9.3 (8.7–10.1)

11

10.8 (9.1–11.6)

11

0.26

Lowest pH measurement a

7.24 (7.17–7.35)

9

7.38 (7.27–7.43)

9

0.16

Metabolic acidosis

4 (44)

9

2 (22)

9

0.62

Post-ductal SpO2 0–24 h a

91 (89–96)

13

93 (89–94)

13

0.58

Post-ductal SpO2 24–48 h b

93 (89–95)

12

93 (90–95)

12

0.88

Heart rate 0–24 h a

143 (142–157)

11

146 (134–154)

11

0.49

Heart rate 24–48 hb

149 (138–155)

8

140 (133–150)

8

0.40

Respiratory support 0–24 h (%) a

9 (56)

16

10 (63)

16

0.70

Respiratory support 24–48 h (%)b

4 (50)

8

4 (50)

8

1.00

Prostaglandin E1 0–24 h (%) a

8 (50)

16

11 (69)

16

0.28

Prostaglandin E1 24–48 h (%)b

4 (44)

9

5 (56)

9

1.00

Inotropes (%) a

2 (13)

16

1 (6)

16

1.00

Internal ductal diameter (mm) a

2.8 (1.9–3.4)

11

3.3 (3.0-3.6)

11

0.17

LA:Ao-ratio a

1.7 (1.5–2.3)

9

1.8 (1.4–1.9)

9

0.51

LVEDD (mm) a

16.0 (11.2–20.0)

10

15.5 (14.2–18.1)

10

0.94

Diastolic backflow in the descending aorta (%) a

6 (55)

11

5 (46)

11

0.67

Diastolic forward blood flow in the pulmonary arteries (%) a

7 (70)

10

7 (70)

10

1.00

  1. Data are shown as either n (%) for categorical variables and mean ± standard deviation or median (IQR) for continuous variables. a: Maximum of 16 infants used for the variable. b: Maximum of 13 infants used for the variable due to the development of NEC in 3 infants. LA:Ao-ratio: left atrium-aortic root ratio. LVEDD: Left ventricular end diastolic diameter