Feature-driven classification reveals potential comorbid subtypes within childhood apraxia of speech

BMC Pediatrics

Table 2 Descriptive statistics for articulation, vocabulary, and reading tasks by cluster

Variable	Cluster 1 (High severity) (n = 10)	Cluster 2 (Moderate severity) (n = 11)	Cluster 3 (Low severity) (n = 10)	Cluster 4 (Controls) (n = 8)	Kruskal-Wallis P-value¹	Mann-Whitney exact P-value²	Mann-Whitney exact P-value³	Mann-Whitney exact P-value⁴	Mann-Whitney exact P-value⁵	Mann-Whitney exact P-value⁶	Mann-Whitney exact P-value⁷
					All clusters	Cluster 1 vs 2	Cluster 2 vs 3	Cluster 3 vs 4	Cluster 1 vs 3	Cluster 2 vs 4	Cluster 1 vs 4
EOWPVT	−1.32 (0.76) [−1.33]	0.65 (0.83) [0.87]	0.05 (0.85) [−0.13]	1.37 (0.60) [1.53]	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.12	0.003	0.003	0.03	< 0.001
GFTA	−0.70 (1.31) [−1.00]	− 0.96 (0.69) [− 1.08]	−1.00 (0.76) [− 1.21]	1.38 (1.05) [1.68]	0.002	0.96	0.93	< 0.001	0.81	< 0.001	0.004
NWR	−1.17 (0.89) [− 1.42]	−1.58 (0.50) [− 1.66]	− 0.48 (0.63) [− 0.39]	0.39 (1.40) [0.79]	0.002	0.31	< 0.001	0.20	0.09	0.002	0.02
PPVT	−1.45 (1.02) [− 1.33]	0.08 (0.56) [0.07]	0.79 (0.91) [0.97]	0.94 (0.85) [0.80]	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.07	0.70	< 0.001	0.01	< 0.001
WRMT-AT	−1.66 (0.99) [− 1.37]	−1.07 (0.92) [−0.87]	0.19 (0.58) [0.23]	0.37 (0.71) [0.60]	< 0.001	0.23	0.001	0.53	< 0.001	0.003	< 0.001
WRMT-ID	−1.55 (1.01) [− 1.43]	−1.16 (0.79) [− 1.20]	0.05 (0.86) [−0.07]	0.37 (0.54) [0.47]	< 0.001	0.46	0.004	0.37	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
DDK	−8.60 (7.08) [−7.35]	−7.81 (7.89) [−5.00]	−7.21 (7.48) [−6.84]	−0.07 (0.68) [− 0.15]	0.003	0.81	0.99	< 0.001	0.68	0.002	0.003

Includes both CAS and controls. Values shown as mean (sd) [median]. P-values shown are not adjusted for multiple testing. ¹Comparison of distribution across all four clusters. ²Comparison of distribution medians between clusters 1 and 2. ³Comparison of distribution between clusters 2 and 3. ⁴Comparison of distribution between clusters 3 and 4. ⁵Comparison of distribution between clusters 1 and 3. ⁶Comparison of distribution between clusters 2 and 4. ⁷Comparison of distribution between clusters 1 and 4

ISSN: 1471-2431